Flashcards: Muscarinic antagonists

Fesoterodine (INN, used as the fumarate under the brand name Toviaz) is an antimuscarinic drug developed by Schwarz Pharma AG to treat overactive bladder syndrome (OAB).

Benzatropine (INN), also known as benztropine (USAN, BAN), is an anticholinergic marketed under the trade name Cogentin which is used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, Parkinsonism, and dystonia.

Pirenzepine (Gastrozepin), an M1 selective antagonist, is used in the treatment of peptic ulcers, as it reduces gastric acid secretion and reduces muscle spasm.

Dicycloverine, also known as dicyclomine, is an anticholinergic that blocks muscarinic receptors.

Dexetimide (brand name Tremblex) is a piperidine anticholinergic.

Propantheline bromide (INN) is an antimuscarinic agent used for the treatment of excessive sweating (hyperhidrosis), cramps or spasms of the stomach, intestines (gut) or bladder, and involuntary urination (enuresis).

Atropine is a medication used to treat certain types of nerve agent and pesticide poisonings, some types of slow heart rate, and to decrease saliva production during surgery.

Ketamine, sold under the brand name Ketalar among others, is a medication mainly used for starting and maintaining anesthesia.

Trihexyphenidyl (Artane, Apo-Trihex, Parkin, Pacitane), also known as benzhexol and trihex, is an antiparkinsonian agent of the antimuscarinic class.

Amitriptyline, sold under the brand name Elavil among others, is a medicine used to treat a number of mental illnesses.

Imipramine, sold as Tofranil and also known as melipramine, is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) of the dibenzazepine group.

Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine mainly used to treat allergies.

Hyoscyamine (also known as daturine) is a tropane alkaloid.

Ipratropium bromide, sold under the trade name Atrovent among others, is a medication which opens up the medium and large airways in the lungs.

Hyoscine hydrobromide, also known as scopolamine hydrobromide, is a medication used in the treatment of motion sickness and postoperative nausea and vomiting.

Tiotropium bromide (INN) is a long-acting, 24-hour, anticholinergic bronchodilator used in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Dimenhydrinate (marketed as Dramamine, Gravol and many other brand names) is an over-the-counter antiemetic used for the treatment of the symptoms of motion sickness.

Solifenacin (INN, trade name Vesicare) is a medicine of the antimuscarinic class and was developed for treating contraction of overactive bladder with associated problems such as increased urination frequency and urge incontinence.

Poldine is an antimuscarinic.

Benzilylcholine mustard (N-2-chloroethyl-N-methyl 2-aminoethyl benzilate) is a modified version of acetylcholine, so named because after cyclization in solution it forms an iminium derivative that is structurally similar to benzilylcholine.

Cyanodothiepin (developmental code name BTS-56,424) is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) acting as a potent and highly selective (over norepinephrine and dopamine uptake) inhibitor of the reuptake of serotonin that was never marketed.

Abediterol (INN) (codenamed AZD-0548, LAS 100977) is a novel, once-daily experimental drug candidate for the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Pipenzolate bromide is an antimuscarinic.

Glycopyrronium bromide is a medication of the muscarinic anticholinergic group.

Prifinium bromide is an antimuscarinic.

Aclidinium bromide (INN) is a long-acting, inhaled muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) approved in the US on July 24, 2012 as a maintenance treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Emepronium (as emepronium bromide) is an anticholinergic drug used in urology as an antispasmodic.

Imidafenacin (INN) is a urinary antispasmodic of the anticholinergic class.

Otilonium bromide is an antimuscarinic.

Oxybutynin (brand names Ditropan, Lyrinel XL, Lenditro (South Africa), Uripan (Middle East)) is an anticholinergic medication used to relieve urinary and bladder difficulties, including frequent urination and inability to control urination (urge incontinence), by decreasing muscle spasms of the bladder.

Darifenacin (trade name Enablex in US and Canada, Emselex in Europe) is a medication used to treat urinary incontinence.

Tolterodine (Detrol, Detrusitol) is an antimuscarinic drug that is used for symptomatic treatment of urinary incontinence.

Orphenadrine (sold under many brand names worldwide) is an anticholinergic drug of the ethanolamine antihistamine class; it is closely related to diphenhydramine.

Etybenzatropine (INN), also known as ethybenztropine (USAN, BAN) and tropethydrylin, is an anticholinergic/antihistamine marketed under the trade names Panolid, Ponalid, and Ponalide, which is used as an antiparkinsonian agent.

Tiemonium iodide is an antimuscarinic.

Bevonium is an antimuscarinic.

Diphemanil metilsulfate is an antimuscarinic.

Fenpiverinium is an antimuscarinic.

Hexocyclium is an antimuscarinic.

Mepenzolate is an antimuscarinic.

Methantheline is an antimuscarinic.

Methylatropine (Eumydrin®) is a belladonna derivative.

Penthienate is an antimuscarinic.

Piperidolate is an antimuscarinic.

Brompheniramine (Bromfed, Dimetapp, Bromfenex, Dimetane, BPN, Lodrane), commonly marketed as its salt brompheniramine maleate, is an antihistamine drug of the propylamine (alkylamine) class.

Oxyphenonium bromide is an antimuscarinic.

Medrylamine is an antihistamine related to diphenhydramine.

Methoctramine is a polymethylene tetraamine that acts as a muscarinic antagonist.

Indacaterol/glycopyrronium bromide is a combination drug consisting of the following two active ingreditents: * Indacaterol maleate—an ultra-long-acting beta-adrenoceptor agonist (ultra-LABA); * Glycopyrronium bromide (glycopyrrolate)—a muscarinic anticholinergic.

Flavoxate is an anticholinergic with antimuscarinic effects.

Homatropine methylbromide or Methylhomatropine bromide is a quaternary ammonium salt of methylhomatropine.

Procyclidine is an anticholinergic drug principally used for the treatment of drug-induced parkinsonism, akathisia and acute dystonia; Parkinson disease; and idiopathic or secondary dystonia.

AFDX-384 (BIBN-161) is a drug which acts as a selective antagonist of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, with selectivity for the M2 and M4 subtypes.

PD-0298029 is a drug which acts as a selective antagonist for the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4.

PD-102,807 is a drug which acts as a selective antagonist for the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4.

Amoxapine (pronounced: a-mox-a-peen. Notable brand names include: Asendin, Asendis, Defanyl, Demolox. See here for more brand name information) is a tetracyclic antidepressant of the dibenzoxazepine family, though it is often classified as a secondary amine tricyclic antidepressant.

Octatropine methylbromide (INN) or anisotropine methylbromide (USAN), trade names Valpin, Endovalpin, Lytispasm and others, is a muscarinic antagonist and antispasmodic.

Vedaclidine (LY-297,802, NNC 11-1053) is a novel analgesic drug which acts as a mixed agonist–antagonist at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, being a potent and selective agonist for the M1 and M4 subtypes, yet an antagonist at the M2, M3 and M5 subtypes.

Arketamine, also (R)-ketamine or (R)-(−)-ketamine, is the (R)-(−) enantiomer of ketamine.

Propiomazine (Largon, Propavan, Indorm, Serentin, Dorevane, Dorevan) is an antihistamine blocking H1 receptors.

Umeclidinium bromide (trade name Incruse Ellipta, GSK) is a long-acting muscarinic antagonist approved for the maintenance treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Homatropine (Equipin, Isopto Homatropine) is an anticholinergic medication that is an antagonist at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and thus the parasympathetic nervous system.

Bornaprine (brand name Sormodren) is an anticholinergic used as an antiparkinsonian agent.