Flashcards: Monosaccharides

Allose is an aldohexose sugar.

Altrose is an aldohexose sugar.

N-Acetylmuramic acid, or MurNAc, is the ether of lactic acid and N-acetylglucosamine with a chemical formula of C11H19NO8.

N-Glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) is a sialic acid molecule found in most non-human mammals.

Fludeoxyglucose (18F) (INN), or fludeoxyglucose F 18 (USAN and USP), also commonly called fluorodeoxyglucose and abbreviated [18F]FDG, 18F-FDG or FDG, is a radiopharmaceutical used in the medical imaging modality positron emission tomography (PET).

Glucosamine (C6H13NO5) is an amino sugar and a prominent precursor in the biochemical synthesis of glycosylated proteins and lipids.

Pyranose is a collective term for carbohydrates that have a chemical structure that includes a six-membered ring consisting of five carbon atoms and one oxygen atom.

Apiose is a branched-chain sugar found as residues in galacturonans-type pectins; that occurs in parsley and many other plants.

Mannosulfan (INN) is an alkylating agent used in the treatment of cancer.

Monosaccharides (from Greek monos: single, sacchar: sugar), also called simple sugars, are the most basic units of carbohydrates.

Tagatose is a functional sweetener.

N-Acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac or NANA) is the predominant sialic acid found in mammalian cells.

Inverted or invert sugar syrup is a mixture of glucose and fructose; it is obtained by splitting the disaccharide sucrose into these two components.

Sialic acid is a generic term for the N- or O-substituted derivatives of neuraminic acid, a monosaccharide with a nine-carbon backbone.

Mucic acid, C6H10O8 or HOOC-(CHOH)4-COOH, (also known as galactaric or meso-galactaric acid) is an aldaric acid obtained by nitric acid oxidation of galactose or galactose-containing compounds such as lactose, dulcite, quercite, and most varieties of gum.

D-Galacturonic acid is a sugar acid, an oxidized form of D-galactose.

Glucuronolactone is a naturally occurring chemical that is an important structural component of nearly all connective tissues.

Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP) is a pentosephosphate.

Thymidine diphosphate glucose (often abbreviated dTDP-glucose or TDP-glucose) is a nucleotide-linked sugar consisting of deoxythymidine diphosphate linked to glucose.

Sodium erythorbate (C6H7NaO6) is a food additive used predominantly in meats, poultry, and soft drinks.

Saccharic acid, also called glucaric acid, is a chemical compound with the formula C6H10O8.

Xylonic acid /zaɪˈlɒnɪk æ.

Xylosan (1,4-anhydro-α-D-xylopyranose) is a molecule produced during pyrolysis of the hemicellulose found in wood.

Cladinose is a hexose deoxy sugar that in several antibiotics (such as erythromycin) is attached to the macrolide ring.

Glucal is the glycal formed from glucose.

Levoglucosan (C6H10O5) is an organic compound with six carbon ring structure formed from the pyrolysis of carbohydrates, such as starch and cellulose.

Sulfoquinovose, also known as 6-sulfoquinovose and 6-deoxy-6-sulfo-D-glucopyranose, is a monosaccharide sugar that is found as a building block in the sulfolipid sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol (SQDG).

Calcium erythorbate is a food additive.

Potassium erythorbate (C6H7KO6) is a food additive.