He used the idea of natural law to argue that absolute monarchy was the best form of government
What did Thomas Hobbes believe?
violence and disorder came naturally to human beings, and without an absolute government, chaos would prevail.
What book John Locke made?
Two Treatises of Government
Who made Two Treatises of Government?
John Locke
What did John Locke believe?
He thought that people were basically reasonable and would cooperate with one another.
What was John Locke's idea?
He further argued that rulers could stay in power only as long as they had the consent of the governed.
What book Baron de Montesquieu made?
The Spirit of the Laws
What's Baron de Montesquieu book written about?
Wrote about his admiration for the English government and he supported the belief that government protected the freedom of the people by the separation of powers
All reforms in the English Government
Legislative, Executive and Judicial Branch
What does the legislative branch do?
Makes laws
What does the Executive branch do?
Enforces laws
What does the Judicial Branch do?
Interprets the laws
What pen name is Francois Marie Arouet known to the world?
Voltaire
What idea did Francois Marie Arouet deeply admire?
He deeply admired the English idea of liberty and its freedom of the press.
Francois Marie Arouet's quote
I disapprove of what you say but I will defend to death your right to say it
What did Denis Diderot publish?
28 Volume of Encyclopedia
What's the purpose of Denis Diderot's books?
Hoped that Encyclopedia would bring about "a revolution in the minds of men to free them from prejudice.
Who made 28 Volume of Encyclopedia?
Denis Diderot
What was a philosophy of Jean Jacques Rousseau?c
He believed that human beings are naturally good but his environment is corrupting.
What did Emile do?
emphasized the importance of education in the development of human personality
Who believed in the social contract?
Jean Jacques Rousseau
Who were not included in the social contract?
Woman
What was Wollstonecraft known for?
one of the first female critics
Who was one of the first female critics?
Wollstonecraft
What does Wollstonecraft believe in?
women should also be given the freedom to decide and should not be submissive.
What did Wollstonecraft accept?
She accepted that the first obligation of women is motherhood
Name of the king of Prussia from 1740 to 1768
Frederick the Great
What did Frederick the Great consider himself?
first servant of the state
What did Frederick do?
He distributed seeds to peasants, and religious tolerance was followed
What did Catherine the Great do?
She made limited reforms in law and government during her term
What did Catherine the Great grant?
Granting the nobles a charter of rights.
What was Catherine the Great against with?
serfdom
What was Joseph II known as?
peasant emperor
What did Joseph II do?
He modernized the government, and choose brilliant middle class officials to head the government.