Flashcards: Military law

International humanitarian law (IHL) is the law that regulates the conduct of war (jus in bello).

Martial law is the imposition of the highest-ranking military officer as the military governor or as the head of the government, thus removing all power from the previous executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government.

Discipline is the suppression of base desires, and is usually understood to be synonymous with restraint and control.

In the US military, a squad leader is a non-commissioned officer who leads a squad of typically 9 soldiers (US Army: squad leader and two fireteams of 4 men each) or 13 Marines (US Marine Corps: squad leader and three fireteams of 4 men each) in a rifle squad, or 3 to 8 men in a crew-served weapons squad.

Military ranks are a system of hierarchical relationships in armed forces, police, intelligence agencies or other institutions organized along military lines.

In military terminology, desertion is the abandonment of a duty or post without permission (a pass, liberty or leave) and is done with the intention of not returning.

Draft evasion is an intentional decision not to comply with the military conscription policies of one's nation.

The Selective Service System is an independent agency of the United States government that maintains information on those potentially subject to military conscription.

A prisoner of war (POW, PoW, PW, P/W, WP, PsW, enemy prisoner of war (EPW) or "missing-captured") is a person, whether combatant or non-combatant, who is held in custody by a belligerent power during or immediately after an armed conflict.

Military police (MP) are law enforcement agencies connected with, or part of, the military of a state.

An honor guard, or ceremonial guard, is a ceremonial unit, usually military in nature and composed of volunteers who are carefully screened for their physical ability and dexterity.

Military doctrine is the expression of how military forces contribute to campaigns, major operations, battles, and engagements.

A drumhead court-martial is a court-martial held in the field to hear urgent charges of offences committed in action.

Superior orders, often known as the Nuremberg defense, lawful orders or by the German phrase Befehl ist Befehl ("only following orders", literally "an order is an order"), is a plea in a court of law that a person—whether a member of the military, law enforcement, a firefighting force, or the civilian population—not be held guilty for actions which were ordered by a superior officer or an official.

Military service is service by an individual or group in an army or other militia, whether as a chosen job or as a result of an involuntary draft (conscription).

Mobilization is the act of assembling and making both troops and supplies ready for war.

Demobilization or demobilisation (see spelling differences) is the process of standing down a nation's armed forces from combat-ready status.

The Third Amendment (Amendment III) to the United States Constitution places restrictions on the quartering of soldiers in private homes without the owner's consent, forbidding the practice in peacetime.

Military justice is the body of laws and procedures governing members of the armed forces.

A One-year volunteer, short EF (de: Einjährig-Freiwilliger), was, in a number of national armed forces, a conscript who agreed to pay his own costs for the procurement of equipment, food and clothing, in return for spending a shorter-than-usual term on active military service and the opportunity for promotion to Reserve Officers.

The Military Police of Russia (Russian: Военная полиция России, Voennaya politsiya or VP) is the uniformed law enforcement branch of the Russian Armed Forces, which is known by the official name of Main Directorate of the Military Police (Главное управление военной полиции Минобороны РФ), and it is operated by the Russian Ministry of Defence.

Conventional warfare is a form of warfare conducted by using conventional weapons and battlefield tactics between two or more states in open confrontation.

The Nuremberg trials (German: die Nürnberger Prozesse) were a series of military tribunals, held by the Allied forces after World War II, which were most notable for the prosecution of prominent members of the political, military, judicial and economic leadership of Nazi Germany who planned, carried out, or otherwise participated in The Holocaust and other war crimes.

Conduct prejudicial to good order and discipline is an offence against military law in many countries.