Flashcards: MIDTERMS GE3 REVIEWER

(state, belief, or doctrine) is the moral or ideological component of globalization.

(condition or quality of being) the condition or state in which things are

global. The idea of globality represents the global as something increasingly achieved, real, and manifest.

(the notion of an act, development, or creation) social processes that

are changing our current social condition based on the modern system of independent nation-states.

Economic, Political, Cultural, Social, Technological, Ecological, Sociological

The exchange of goods and services, and the expansion of trade and investment across national borders, driven by market forces and multinational corporations.

The diplomatic negotiations and cooperation between nation states, facilitated by international organizations like the United Nations, European Union, and World Trade Organization.

The diffusion and adaptation of cultural values, beliefs, and practices worldwide.

The integration of societies and cultures, influenced by migration, communication, and media.

The development and diffusion of innovation and knowledge, enabled by the internet, digital devices, and transportation.

The impact of human activities on the environment and natural resources, as well as the global efforts to address them.

The perception and awareness of living in a shared society and being connected to people and events around the world.

Hyperglobalist Perspective, Skeptical Perspective, Transformationalist Perspective, Constructivist Perspective

Views globalization as a positive and inevitable process that leads to a more integrated and harmonized world.

Views globalization as a myth or an exaggerated phenomenon that does

not significantly alter the existing patterns of international relations.

Views globalization as a complex and multidimensional process that

transforms the world in various ways.

Views globalization as a socially constructed and contested process that

depends on the meanings and interpretations of different actors and groups.

Integration, Interdependence, State Erosion, Transnational Power

The process of combining different economies, societies, and cultures into

a more interconnected and interdependent world.

The condition of mutual reliance and influence among different countries,

regions, or entities that are connected by trade, culture, technology, or

other factors.

The phenomenon of weakening or diminishing the authority and legitimacy

of the nation-state as a result of global forces and actors that challenge or

bypass its territorial boundaries and sovereignty.

The ability of actors that operate across national borders to influence the policies, decisions, and actions of states and other actors on global issues.

A geographical area under the jurisdiction of a country of sovereign power

or state.

The concept of the attachment or behavior of people or groups towards a

specific territory or space.

The concept of the emergence and expansion of social spaces and activities that transcend the traditional boundaries and jurisdictions of nation-states.

A term that combines globalization and localization. It means adapting a

global product or service to fit the local culture, preferences, and needs of

the consumers.

The process by which globalization diminishes the influence of

geographical distance on interactions and activities.

A geographical principle states that interaction between two locations

weakens with increasing distance.

The increased web of connections and interdependencies fostered by

globalization between individuals, societies, and economies across the

globe.

The authorized action(s) of conducting the policy, actions, and affairs of a

state, organization, or people.

The process of being introduced to the culture of a group.

Refers to the ability or potential for an individual to influence others and

control their behavior.

A perceived legitimacy in how one can exercise their ability to exert control

over others.

Charismatic, traditional, legal-rational

Recognized legitimacy because you are popular or charismatic.

Recognized legitimacy to exercise power because it’s been

there for a long time

Recognized legitimacy to exercise power because the

law says so.

A large group whose members believe they belong together

through a shared identity as a people.

An organization composed of numerous agencies led and coordinated by the nation's leaders.

Monarchy, democracy, communism, capitalism, socialism, federalism

a government where one group embodies the country’s national identity and where the monarch exercises the role of sovereignty.

Rule of the people. Government where the people represent their own country, or elect representatives that represent them.

A form of government where the state plans and controls the economy via an authoritarian party.

An economic or political system where trade and industry are

controlled by private owners rather than the state.

The government controls the means of production, lands, resources, and profit. Citizens earn what they need.

Self-rule + shared rule. These two are needed to reach the common goal: unity in diversity while checking the forces of anarchy and centralization.

refers to the movement of people across borders, often driven by economic, social, political, or environmental factors, it involves increased interconnectedness and interdependence among countries and people

involves the use of digital technologies, like online communication and information tools, to connect and influence different aspects of global interactions.

Ethnoscapes, ideoscapes, mediascapes, technoscapes, financescapes

refers to the migratory activities of people or individuals

across cultures and territories.

it is composed of chains of ideas, images, and terms that subscribe to the enlightenment worldview such as freedom, rights, welfare, sovereignty, representation, and democracy.

the print and electronic media in global cultural flow,

which is a landscape of images closely related to ideoscapes.

refers to the global configuration of technology.

are the various forms of capital or financial assets and

their movement for whatever purpose they are used around the world.

is a macro-sociological perspective that seeks to explain the dynamics of the “capitalist world economy” as a “total social system.”

core, periphery, semi-periphery

are economically advanced, capitalist nations that exploit peripheral countries.

are politically and economically weak, often former colonies shaped by their colonial masters’ designs.

exhibit traits of both core and peripheral states, identified as former core nations in decline or peripheral countries striving for advancement.

Refers to the increasing uniformity of prices, or simply the elimination of

price differences, since all markets become one.

horizontal integration, vertical integration, conglomeration

involves firms gaining control of similar firms in other locations.

involves a firm performing multiple stages of production.

involves combining unrelated activities under single ownership.

A concept that refers to the individual national economies, clustered as

one.

An economic and political system in which a country’s trade and industry are

controlled by private owners for profit

Private property promotes efficiency by giving the owner of resources an

incentive to maximize the value of their property. So the more valuable the

resource is, the more trading power it provides the owner.

An ideology and political and economic policy model that emphasizes the value of free market capitalism while seeking to transfer control of economic factors from the government to the private sector.

An economic theory from the 18th century that opposed any government

intervention in business affairs.

Laissez-faire capitalism, also referred to as free market capitalism or market capitalism, is an economic system that allows businesses to operate with minimal government intervention.

Global Markets, Global Production, Global Commodities, Global Business, Organizations, Global Money and Finance

Refer to the markets wherein products, services, and commodities from

foreign countries are purchased or sold to consumers from other countries

or parts of the world.

Refers to the propensity of companies to invest and establish production sites in countries, or places where taxation rates, labor costs, energy costs, raw materials, regulatory frameworks, and other considerations are favorable.

Refer to basic goods or raw materials used in commerce that are interchangeable with other commodities of the same type.

Tangible commodities, intangible commodities

Global business organizations are companies that operate on an international scale, often having multiple offices throughout different countries.

refers to a currency that is widely used in international trade and financial transactions.

refers to the international framework of economies, regulations, and financial institutions and how these things interact with each other.

is a defined area of land or space that shares common characteristics, such as geographical, cultural, economic, or political attributes.

refers to the process of organizing a country or state, into smaller regions or administrative units.

The reason for regionalization is for the development of each town and

province.

Regionalism refers to a strong sense of identity or loyalty to a particular region within a country or geographic area.

refers to cooperation and collaboration among countries in the Asian continent to address common challenges, promote economic growth, and enhance regional stability.

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations

Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam.

August 8, 1967

Enhancing economic growth, social progress, and cultural development in the region.

is the highest policy-making body in ASEAN comprising the Heads of States or Government of ASEAN Member States.

provides a platform for member states to address political, economic, social, and security challenges facing the region.

also known as North-South: A Programme for Survival, is a significant document that sheds light on global economic inequalities

highlighted economic trends that needed reversal and urgent strategies to address income disparities between the North and South, financial instability, and global poverty.

Debt relief, technology transfer, fair trade, human development

The Brandt report advocated for debt relief for developing countries burdened by external debt.

To bridge the technological gap, the report emphasized the transfer of technology from developed to developing nations.

The report underscored the importance of fair trade practices, ensuring that developing countries could access global markets without unfair

barriers

The Brandt Report emphasized investing in human capital, education, and healthcare to empower the South and reduce poverty.

Refers to the collaborative efforts among countries in Latin America to address

shared challenges, promote economic integration, and strengthen regional ties.

Shift from globalization to regionalization, Supply Chain Resilience, Environmental Considerations

Refers to the different forms of technology used in transmitting messages, ideas, and opinions to a large and diverse group of people from different places.

Traditional media, new media

Refers to the conventional means of mass communication.

Television Advertisements, Radio Advertising, Print Advertising, Billboards and Off-Site Signs, Cold Calling, Door-to-Door Sales

Also called digital media, primarily involves methods that are online or

connected to the Internet.

Search Engine Optimization (SEO), Pay-Per-Click (PPC) Advertising, Content Marketing, Social Media, Email Marketing

Traditional media is usually distributed through channels like television, radio, or print. New media relies on digital channels accessible via the Internet.

Traditional media tends to be one-way communication (from business to consumer). New media allows for interactive communication and engagement with audiences

Traditional media can be expensive (e.g., TV ads during prime time).

New media often offers cost-effective options with targeted reach.

is the idea that people are interconnected by easy travel, mass media, and electronic communications globally, and have become a single community.

Instant Communication, Access to Information, Technological Adaptation, Improved Living Standards

Loss of Privacy, Cultural Homogenization, Information Overload, Digital Divide

social media, e-commerce, news networks

refers to the immense impact of the media on public

opinions, tastes, and values.

Beauty norms, gender norms

Oral communication, script, printing press, electronic media, digital media

Refers to the process by which media content, technologies, and communication networks transcend national borders, connecting people worldwide

Increased Access to Information, Cultural Exchange and Understanding, Economic Opportunities,

Media Imperialism, Sensationalism and Simplification,