Flashcards: Membrane proteins

Integrins are transmembrane receptors that are the bridges for cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions.

CD36 (cluster of differentiation 36), also known as FAT (fatty acid translocase), FAT/CD36, (FAT)/CD36, SCARB3, GP88, glycoprotein IV (gpIV), and glycoprotein IIIb (gpIIIb), is an integral membrane protein found on the surface of many cell types in vertebrate animals.

An ATP-sensitive potassium channel (or KATP channel) is a type of potassium channel that is gated by intracellular nucleotides, ATP and ADP.

Aquaporins are integral membrane proteins from a larger family of major intrinsic proteins (MIP) that form pores in the membrane of biological cells.

CD1 (cluster of differentiation 1) is a family of glycoproteins expressed on the surface of various human antigen-presenting cells.

In medicine, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GPIIb/IIIa, also known as integrin αIIbβ3) is an integrin complex found on platelets.

OX40L is the ligand for CD134 and is expressed on such cells as DC2s (a subtype of dendritic cells) enabling amplification of Th2 cell differentiation.

Gap junction alpha-1 protein (GJA1), also known as connexin 43 (Cx43), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GJA1 gene on chromosome 6.

Phospholipase A1 is a phospholipase enzyme which removes the 1-acyl.

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a set of cell surface proteins essential for the acquired immune system to recognize foreign molecules in vertebrates, which in turn determines histocompatibility.

G proteins, also known as guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, are a family of proteins that act as molecular switches inside cells, and are involved in transmitting signals from a variety of stimuli outside a cell to its interior.

Phospholipase D (EC 3.1.4.4, lipophosphodiesterase II, lecithinase D, choline phosphatase) (PLD) is an enzyme of the phospholipase superfamily.

CD64 (Cluster of Differentiation 64) is a type of integral membrane glycoprotein known as an Fc receptor that binds monomeric IgG-type antibodies with high affinity.

CD120 (Cluster of Differentiation 120) can refer to two members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily: tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) and tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2).

In molecular biology, CD4 (cluster of differentiation 4) is a glycoprotein found on the surface of immune cells such as T helper cells, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells.

The transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily is a large family of structurally related cell regulatory proteins that was named after its first member, TGF-β1, originally described in 1983.

Glucose transporters are a wide group of membrane proteins that facilitate the transport of glucose over a plasma membrane.

Major intrinsic proteins comprise a large superfamily of transmembrane protein channels that are grouped together on the basis of homology.

CD68 (Cluster of Differentiation 68) is a glycoprotein which binds to low density lipoprotein.

Chloride channels are a superfamily of poorly understood ion channels specific for chloride.

Phospholipases A2 (PLA2s) EC 3.

The mannose receptor (Cluster of Differentiation 206, CD206) is a C-type lectin primarily present on the surface of macrophages and immature dendritic cells, but is also expressed on the surface of skin cells such as human dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes.

B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA or BCM), also known as tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 17 (TNFRSF17), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNFRSF17 gene.

ICAM-1 (Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1) also known as CD54 (Cluster of Differentiation 54) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ICAM1 gene.

Pannexins (from Greek 'παν' — all, and from Latin 'nexus' — connection) are a family of vertebrate proteins identified by their homology to the invertebrate innexins.

Tetraspanins are a family of membrane proteins found in all multicellular eukaryotes.

Nuclear pore glycoprotein-210 (gp210) is an essential trafficking regulator in the eukaryotic nuclear pore complex.

The Formate-Nitrite Transporter (FNT) Family (TC# 1.A.16) is a family of homologous transmembrane proteins belonging to the Major Intrinsic Protein (MIP) Superfamily.

Members of the Small Conductance Mechanosensitive Ion Channel (MscS) Family (TC# 1.A.23) provide protection against hypo-osmotic shock in bacteria, responding both to stretching of the cell membrane and to membrane depolarization.

The Nucleobase:Cation Symporter-2 (NCS2) Family, also called the Nucleobase/Ascorbate Transporter (NAT) Family, consists of over 1000 sequenced proteins derived from gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, archaea, fungi, plants and animals.

Colipase is a protein co-enzyme required for optimal enzyme activity of pancreatic lipase.

Vinculin is a eukaryotic protein that seems to be involved in the attachment of the actin-based microfilaments to the plasma membrane.

CD59 antigen (also called 1F-5Ag, H19, HRF20, MACIF, MIRL, P-18 or protectin) inhibits formation of membrane attack complex (MAC), thus protecting cells from complement-mediated lysis.

Herpesvirus glycoprotein B is a viral glycoprotein that is involved in the viral cell entry of Herpes simplex virus (HSV).

Heat shock protein Hsp20 is a family of heat shock proteins.

Nematode chemoreceptors are chemoreceptors of nematodes.

Rabaptin is a key protein involved in regeneration of injured axons.

Voltage sensitive phosphatases or voltage sensor-containing phosphatases, commonly abbreviated VSPs, are a protein family found in many species, including humans, mice, zebrafish, frogs, and sea squirt.

The PDZ domain is a common structural domain of 80-90 amino-acids found in the signaling proteins of bacteria, yeast, plants, viruses and animals.

The Matrix-2 (M2) protein is a proton-selective ion channel protein, integral in the viral envelope of the influenza A virus.

Sortase refers to a group of prokaryotic enzymes that modify surface proteins by recognizing and cleaving a carboxyl-terminal sorting signal.

Snf3 is a protein which regulates glucose uptake in yeast.

The aspartate receptor, Tar, is a member of a family of transmembrane receptors that mediate chemotactic response in certain enteric bacteria, such as Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli.

The transport of peptides into cells is a well-documented biological phenomenon which is accomplished by specific, energy-dependent transporters found in a number of organisms as diverse as bacteria and humans.

SacI homology domain is a family of evolutionarily related proteins.

The Polycystin Cation Channel (PCC) Family (TC# 1.A.5) consists of several transporters ranging in size from 500 to over 4000 amino acyl residues (aas) in length and exhibiting between 5 and 18 transmembrane segments (TMSs).

The K+ Transporter (Trk) Family is a member of the voltage-gated ion channel (VIC) superfamily.

The ryanodine-inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor Ca2+ channel (RIR-CaC) family (TC# 1.A.3) consists of several receptor proteins exhibiting 4 to 6 transmembrane segments (TMSs), although ryanodine receptor Ca2+ release channel (RyR2; TC# 1.A.3.1.1), of Homo sapiens exhibits 10 TMSs.

The ATP-gated P2X Receptor Cation Channel (P2X Receptor) Family (TC# 1.A.7) consists of cation-permeable ligand gated ion channels that open in response to the binding of extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP).

The Bcl-2 Family (TC# 1.A.21) consists of apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 and its homologues.

Innexins (TC# 1.A.25), or gap junction proteins, are structurally related transmembrane proteins that assemble to form invertebrate gap junctions.

The Large Conductance Mechanosensitive Ion Channel (MscL) Family (TC# 1.A.22) consists of pore-forming membrane proteins that are responsible for translating physical forces applied to cell membranes into electrophysiological activities.

Exosortase refers to a family of integral membrane proteins that occur in Gram-negative bacteria and that recognize and cleave the carboxyl-terminal sorting signal PEP-CTERM.

Ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) are ligand-gated ion channels that are activated by the neurotransmitter glutamate.

In enzymology, a polyphosphate kinase (EC 2.7.4.1), or polyphosphate polymerase, is an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of polyphosphate from ATP, with chain lengths of up to a thousand or more orthophosphate moieties.

ATP synthase delta subunit is a subunit of bacterial and chloroplast ATPase, or OSCP (oligomycin sensitivity conferral protein) in mitochondrial ATPase (note that in mitochondria there is a different delta subunit, InterPro: IPR001469).

Cyclic AMP receptors from slime molds are a distinct family of G-protein coupled receptors.

Fungal pheromone mating factor receptors form a distinct family of G-protein-coupled receptors.

Small multidrug resistance protein is a family of integral membrane proteins which confer drug resistance to a wide range of toxic compounds by removing them for the cells.

Members of the Alanine or Glycine:Cation Symporter (AGCS) Family (TC# 2.A.25) transport alanine and/or glycine in symport with Na+ and or H+.

Proteins of the Betaine/Carnitine/Choline Transporter (BCCT) family (TC# 2.A.15) are found in Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and archaea.

The Nucleobase:Cation Symporter-1 (NCS1) Family (TC# 2.A.39) consists of over 1000 currently sequenced proteins derived from Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, archaea, fungi and plants.

Members of the Solute:Sodium Symporter (SSS) Family (TC# 2.A.21) catalyze solute:Na+ symport.

Amino acid permeases are membrane permeases involved in the transport of amino acids into the cell.

Popeye protein conserved region is a family of evolutionarily related proteins.

The Membrane Attack Complex/Perforin (MACPF) superfamily, sometimes referred to as the MACPF/CDC superfamily, is named after a domain that is common to the membrane attack complex (MAC) proteins of the complement system (C6, C7, C8α, C8β and C9) and perforin (PF).

In molecular biology, Phosphotyrosine-binding domains are protein domains which bind to phosphotyrosine.

Folate receptors bind folate and reduced folic acid derivatives and mediates delivery of tetrahydrofolate to the interior of cells.

GTPase-activator protein for Ras-like GTPase is a family of evolutionarily related proteins.

GoLoco motif is a protein structural motif.

Peroxisomal biogenesis factor 11 (PEX11) are peroxisomal membrane proteins which promote peroxisome division in eukaryotic cells.

(For the Christian private school with the acronym "CLCA", see Christian Life Center Academy.) The family of calcium-activated chloride channels (CaCCs), which includes chloride channel accessory (CLCA), bestrophin (BEST), and certain anoctamin (ANO or TMEM16) channels, are heterogeneous groups of ligand-gated ion channels for chloride that have been identified in many epithelial and endothelial cell types as well as in smooth muscle cells.

Egg lysin is a protein that creates a hole in the envelope of the egg thereby allowing the sperm to pass through the envelope and fuse with the egg.

HOOK is a family of evolutionarily related proteins.

The WH2 motif or WH2 domain is an evolutionarily conserved sequence motif contained in proteins.

In molecular biology, trimeric autotransporter adhesins (TAAs), are proteins found on the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.

The MBOAT (membrane bound O-acyl transferase) family of membrane proteins is a family of various acyltransferase enzymes.

Na+/H+ antiporter A (NhaA) family (TC# 2.A.33) contains a number of bacterial sodium-proton antiporter (SPAP) proteins.

The Nicotinamide Ribonucleoside (NR) Uptake Permease (PnuC) Family (TC# 4.B.1) is a family of transmembrane transporters that is part of the TOG superfamily.

The p-aminobenzoyl-glutamate transporter (AbgT) family (TC# 2.A.68) is a family of transporter proteins belonging to the ion transporter (IT) superfamily.

Sodium/proton antiporters are essential secondary-active transporters for sodium and pH homeostasis.

The H+-translocating F420H2 Dehydrogenase (F420H2DH) Family (TC# 3.D.9) is a member of the Na+ transporting Mrp superfamily.