Flashcards: Mammal female reproductive system

The endometrium is the inner epithelial layer, along with its mucous membrane, of the mammalian uterus.

Cervical ectropion (or cervical eversion) is a condition in which the central (endocervical) columnar epithelium protrudes out through the external os of the cervix and onto the vaginal portion of the cervix, undergoes squamous metaplasia, and transforms to stratified squamous epithelium.

The clitoris (/ˈklɪtərᵻs/ or /klᵻˈtɔərᵻs/) is a female sex organ present in mammals, ostriches and a limited number of .

Cunt /ˈkʌnt/ is a vulgar word for female genitalia, and is also used as a term of disparagement.

The egg cell, or ovum, is the female reproductive cell (gamete) in oogamous organisms.

The Fallopian tubes, also known as, uterine tubes, and salpinges (singular salpinx), are two very fine tubes lined with ciliated epithelia, leading from the ovaries of female mammals into the uterus, via the uterotubal junction.

The labia majora (singular: labium majus) are two prominent longitudinal cutaneous folds that extend downward and backward from the mons pubis to the perineum.

The labia minora (the Latin for small lips, singular: labium minus "small lip"), also known as the inner labia, inner lips, vaginal lips or nymphae, are two flaps of skin on either side of the human vaginal opening in the vulva, situated between the labia majora (the Latin for big lips; also called outer labia, or outer lips).

The ovary (From Latin: ovarium, literally "egg" or "nut") is an ovum-producing reproductive organ, often found in pairs in the female as part of the vertebrate female reproductive system.

The vagina is a muscular and tubular part of the female genital tract, which in humans extends from the vulva to the cervix.

The vulva (Latin: wrapper, covering, plural vulvae or vulvas) consists of the external genital organs of a woman.

A zygote (from Greek ζυγωτός zygōtos "joined" or "yoked", from ζυγοῦν zygoun "to join" or "to yoke"), is a eukaryotic cell formed by a fertilization event between two gametes.

The anterior fornix erogenous zone (also known as the AFE zone, AFE, A-spot, epicenter, deep spot or second G-spot) is reportedly a female erogenous zone that when stimulated can lead to rapid vaginal lubrication and arousal, sometimes without any other form of stimulation, with continued stimulation resulting in an intense orgasm.

The Bartholin's glands (also called Bartholin glands or greater vestibular glands) are two pea sized compound racemose glands located slightly posterior and to the left and right of the opening of the vagina.

The cervix or cervix uteri (Latin: neck of the uterus) is the lower part of the uterus in the human female reproductive system.

In female human anatomy, Skene's glands or the Skene glands (/skiːn/; US dict: skēn; also known as the lesser vestibular glands, periurethral glands, paraurethral glands, or homologous female prostate) are glands located on the anterior wall of the vagina, around the lower end of the urethra.

The corpus albicans (Latin for "whitening body"; also known as atretic corpus luteum, corpus candicans, or simply as albicans) is the regressed form of the corpus luteum.

The corpus luteum (Latin for "yellow body"; plural corpora lutea) is a temporary endocrine structure in female ovaries that is involved in the production of relatively high levels of progesterone and moderate levels of estradiol and inhibin A.

The vulval vestibule (or vulvar vestibule) is a part of the vulva between the labia minora into which the urinary meatus (urethral opening) and the vaginal opening open.

The epoophoron or epoöphoron (also called organ of Rosenmüller or the parovarium) is a remnant of the mesonephric tubules that can be found next to the ovary and fallopian tube.

The cumulus oophorus (Latin cumulus=heap, Greek oo=egg + phor=carrier; Latinized ending "-us"), also called discus proligerus, is a cluster of cells (called cumulus cells) that surround the oocyte both in the ovarian follicle and after ovulation.

The urethral sponge is a spongy cushion of tissue, found in the lower genital area of females, that sits against both the pubic bone and vaginal wall, and surrounds the urethra.

The ampulla is the second portion of the fallopian tube.

Decidua is the term for the uterine lining (endometrium) during a pregnancy, which forms the maternal part of the placenta.

In the female reproductive system, the fimbria (plural, fimbriae) is a fringe of tissue around the ostium of the Fallopian tube, in the direction of the ovary.

The follicular antrum is the portion of an ovarian follicle filled with follicular fluid.

Follicular fluid is a liquid which fills the follicular antrum and surrounds the ovum in an ovarian follicle.

Gartner's duct is a potential embryological remnant in human female development of the mesonephric duct in the development of the urinary and reproductive organs.

The third part of the uterine tube is the infundibulum.

The ostium of the uterine tube (plural ostia) may refer to the proximal or distal opening of the tube also called the Fallopian tube.

The ovarian fossa is a shallow depression on the lateral wall of the pelvis, wherein the ovary lies.

In female human anatomy, the clitoral hood (also called preputium clitoridis and clitoral prepuce) is a fold of skin that surrounds and protects the glans of the clitoris; it also covers the external shaft of the clitoris, develops as part of the labia minora and is homologous with the foreskin (equally called prepuce) in male genitals.

Female sexual arousal disorder (FSAD) is a disorder characterized by a persistent or recurrent inability to attain sexual arousal or to maintain arousal until the completion of a sexual activity.

The broad ligament of the uterus is the wide fold of peritoneum that connects the sides of the uterus to the walls and floor of the pelvis.

The fossa of vestibule of vagina (or fossa navicularis) is a boat-shaped depression between the vagina/hymen and the frenulum labiorum pudendi.

The frenulum of labia minora (fourchette or posterior commissure of the labia minora) is a frenulum where the labia minora meet posteriorly.

The visible medial third of the uterine tube is the isthmus of uterine tube or isthmus tubae uterinae.

The uterine isthmus is the inferior-posterior part of uterus, on its cervical end — here the uterine muscle (myometrium) is narrower and thinner.

In the anatomy of the female reproductive system, the cervical canal (also called the canal of the cervix, endocervical canal, cervical canal of uterus, or the cavity of cervix) is the spindle-shaped, flattened canal of the cervix, the neck of the uterus.

The parametrium is the fibrous tissue that separates the supravaginal portion of the cervix from the bladder.

The mesosalpinx is part of the lining of the abdominal cavity in higher vertebrates, specifically the portion of the broad ligament that stretches from the ovary to the level of the uterine tube.

The cardinal ligament (or Mackenrodt's ligament, lateral cervical ligament, or transverse cervical ligament) is a major ligament of the uterus.

The ovarian ligament (also called the utero-ovarian ligament or proper ovarian ligament) is a fibrous ligament that connects the ovary to the lateral surface of the uterus.

The supravaginal portion of the cervix (also known as the uterine portion of the cervix) is separated in front from the bladder by fibrous tissue (parametrium), which extends also on to its sides and lateralward between the layers of the broad ligaments.

Tube-like uterine glands, lined by ciliated columnar epithelium, are found in the functional layer of the uterine endometrium.

An ovarian follicle is a roughly spheroid cellular aggregation set found in the ovaries.

In female anatomy, the vestibular bulbs, also known as the clitoral bulbs, are aggregations of erectile tissue that are an internal part of the clitoris.

The corpus cavernosum clitoridis is one of a pair of sponge-like regions of erectile tissue which contain most of the blood in the clitoris during clitoral erection.

The corpus hemorrhagicum ("bleeding corpus luteum") is a temporary structure formed immediately after ovulation from the ovarian follicle as it collapses and is filled with blood that quickly clots.

The clitoral crura (singular: clitoral crus) are two erectile tissue structures, which together form a V-shape.

The myometrium is the middle layer of the uterine wall, consisting mainly of uterine smooth muscle cells (also called uterine myocytes), but also of supporting stromal and vascular tissue.

The perimetrium (or serous coat of uterus) is the outer serosa layer of the uterus, equivalent to peritoneum.

The pudendal cleft (also called the cleft of Venus, pudendal fissure, pudendal cleavage, pudendal slit, urogenital cleft, vulvar slit, rima vulvae, or rima pudendi) is a part of the vulva, the furrow at the base of the mons pubis where it divides to form the labia majora.

The uterine appendages or (adnexa of uterus) are the structures most closely related structurally and functionally to the uterus.

The epoöphoron lies in the mesosalpinx between the ovary and the uterine tube, and consists of a few short tubules, the ductuli transversi which converge toward the ovary while their opposite ends open into a rudimentary duct, the ductus longitudinalis epoöphori (duct of Gärtner).

Tubal factor infertility (TFI) is female infertility caused by diseases, obstructions, damage, scarring, congenital malformations or other factors which impede the descent of a fertilized or unfertilized ovum into the uterus through the Fallopian tubes and prevents a normal pregnancy and full term birth.

The stroma of the ovary is a peculiar soft tissue, abundantly supplied with blood vessels, consisting for the most part of spindle-shaped cells with a small amount of ordinary connective tissue.

On the surface of the ovary this tissue is much condensed, and forms a layer, the tunica albuginea, composed of short connective-tissue fibers, with fusiform cells between them.

The canal of Nuck, first described by Anton Nuck (de) in 1691, is an abnormal patent (open) pouch of peritoneum extending into the labia majora of women.

Vesicular appendages of the epoophoron are small pedunculated vesicles of the fimbriae of the uterine tube, or connected to the broad ligament.

The suspensory ligament of the clitoris is a fibrous band at the deep fascial level that extends from the pubic symphysis to the deep fascia of the clitoris, anchoring the clitoris to the pubic symphysis.

The round ligament of the uterus originates at the uterine horns, in the parametrium.

The Uterovaginal plexus is a division of the inferior hypogastric plexus.

The perivitelline space is the space between the zona pellucida and the cell membrane of an oocyte or fertilized ovum.

Theca interna cells express receptors for luteinizing hormone (LH) to produce androstenedione, which via a few steps, gives the granulosa the precursor for estrogen manufacturing.

The fundus of the uterus is the top portion, opposite from the cervix.

The ovarian surface epithelium, also called the germinal epithelium of Waldeyer, is a layer of simple squamous-to-cuboidal epithelial cells covering the ovary.

The medulla of ovary (or Zona vasculosa of Waldeyer) is a highly vascular stroma in the center of the ovary.

The larger ovarian follicles consist of an external fibrovascular coat, connected with the surrounding stroma of the ovary by a network of bloodvessels; and an internal coat, which consists of several layers of nucleated cells, called the membrana granulosa.

The mesometrium is the mesentery of the uterus.

The mesovarium is the portion of the broad ligament of the uterus that suspends the ovaries.

The paroophoron (of Johnson) consists of a few scattered rudimentary tubules, best seen in the child, situated in the broad ligament between the epoöphoron and the uterus.

The suspensory ligament of the ovary, also infundibulopelvic ligament (commonly abbreviated IP ligament or simply IP), is a fold of peritoneum that extends out from the ovary to the wall of the pelvis.

The theca folliculi comprise a layer of the ovarian follicles.

The theca externa is the outer layer of the theca folliculi.

The uterine cavity is the inside of the uterus.

The uterine horns are the points where the uterus and the fallopian tubes meet.

The corona radiata is the innermost layer of the cumulus oophorus and is directly adjacent to the zona pellucida, the outer protective layer of the ovum.

The external sphincter muscle of female urethra is a muscle which controls urination in females.