what is primary care?
Mostly Individual
At point of care- Interaction with the health care system
Informed by values of Primary Health Care
what are the 5 values of primary health care?
1. Accessibility
Public participation
Health promotion
Appropriate technology
Intersectoral collaboration
what is accessibility ?
• Promotive• Preventive• Curative• Rehabilitative• Supportive/palliative
what is public participation?
People are invited to participate in making decisions about the health needs of their own community. This requires to be flexible, responsive, and have a respect for diversity including alternative approaches to address those needs.
what is health promotion?
”Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health. It moves beyond a focus on individual behaviour towards a wide range of social and environmental interventions.” (WHO, 2023)
what is the Ottawa Charter?
a movement toward a "new public health"
1. Build healthy public policy
2. Create supportive environments for health
3. Strengthen Community Action
4. Develop personal skills
5. Reorient health services to prevention of disease and promote health
enable, mediate, advocate
what is upstream, midstream and downstream?
Health prevention and promotion
Policy
Nurse Advocacy
Social Determinants of Health
Understand and address racism and oppression
explain upstream, midstream and downstream
income
upstream: advocate for living wage policies, wage capping
midstream: link clients with welfare, social assistance
downstream: ensure that chronic disease prevention programs are accessible
education
upstream: create opportunities for educators to reduce barriers to education for youth
midstream: support adult high school completion programs
downstream: expand mental health promotion + early intervention program
what is appropriate technology?
• Effective health care uses appropriate technology based on the needs of communities
Examples: telehealth, electronic charts
what is intersectoral collaboration?
Health and well-being are linked to economic and social policies
Education, transportation, agriculture, finance, housing, policing
Providers from accross health sectors, local, national
what are the 8 elements of primary health care?
Education on health problems and prevention
Promotion of food supply and nutrition
Adequate supply of safe water and basic sanitation
Maternal and child health care
Immunization against major infectious diseases
Prevention and control of locally endemic diseases
Appropriate treatment of common disease and injuries using the PHC principle of appropriate technology
provision of essential drugs
what is the population health promotion model?
foundations: research, values experiences
determinants: income, education, gender, race, environments
action strategies: develop skills, create supportive environments, build public policy
levels of action: society, community, fam, individual
what is structural violence?
• « Social structure; econmic, political, legal, religious, cultural; that stop individuals, groups, and societies from reaching thier full potential »
• Education system, healthcare system
what is anti-racism?
The active effort to eliminate all forms of racism including individual,
institutional, structural, and systemic racism.
what is anti-oppression?
Actions that challenge social, historical, and existing intersectional
inequities and injustices within systems and institutions that privilege groups to dominate over others.
what is indigenous health?
Indigenous strengths, beauty, and resistance
Explain the implications of federal and provincial influences on Indigenous health and well being.
what is the values circle?
how Indigenous people view the world, all things connected
north, cedar, mental health, air
east, tobacco, spiritual health, fire
south, sweetgrass, emotional health, water
west, sage, physical health, earth
what is the Indian Act?
“The great aim of our legislation has been to do away with the tribal system and assimilate the Indian people in all respects with the other inhabitants of the Dominion as speedily as they are fit to change.”
what are the Treaties?
We have sovereignty
We have rights to the land and air
We have spiritual beliefs, customs, and traditions
We have our own languages
We have our own justice systems
Self-determination
what is the scrip?
• Dominion Lands Act
• Attempt at assimilation and eradication
• Land or monetary certificates for Red River Métis
what is engaging with humility?
Define Cultural Humility and Cultural Safety.
Describe how to apply Cultural Humility and Cultural Safety in nursing practice.
Define distinction-based approaches of health and well- being.
Define the Indigenous Determinants of Health.
Reflect and acknowledge personal bias, power, and privilege.
what is communication and knowledge sharing in Indigenous communities?
• Verbal and Non-verbal
• Holisitc• Land based• Stars and Sky
• Dreams• Storytelling• Song + Dance
• Ceremony
what is cultural safety?
“When nurses consider the historical and social contexts as well as structural and interpersonal power imbalances that shape health and health care services”
“Healthcare organisations and authorities need to be held accountable for providing culturally safe care, as defined by patients and their communities, and as measured through progress towards achieving health equity”
what is cultural humility?
“Cultural humility is a stance of being open to the cultures of other individuals and communities"
what is reflection?
used to examine our interpretations of events that happened, our role, and the role of others. This reflection process is a valuable tool to examine our nursing practice for strengths and areas of improvements
what is reflexivity?
a reflective practice described as the ability to understand and question your own contexts, attitudes, values, beliefs, assumptions, and experiences of advantage and disadvantage that have shaped the way you understand the world and in relation to others
what is self-determination in Indigenous?
Reclaiming and define land, language, cultural traditions, laws, political and economic rights, ways of being/knowing, and healing practices
The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) states that Indigenous peoples have the right to self-determination.
This guarantees the right to freely determine political condition and the right to freely pursue their form of economic, social, and cultural development
what are the 6 critical Indigenous determinants of health?
balance
life control
education
material resources
social resources
environmental and cultural connections