Flashcards: Languages of Iraq

Gulf Arabic (خليجي Khalījī local pronunciation: [χɐˈliːdʒi] or اللهجة الخليجية el-lahja el-Khalijiyya local pronunciation: [elˈlɑhdʒɐ lχɐˈliːdʒɪj.jɐ]) is a variety of the Arabic language spoken in Eastern Arabia around the coasts of the Persian Gulf in Kuwait, Iraq, Bahrain, eastern Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Iran and northern Oman.

Mesopotamian Arabic is a continuum of mutually-intelligible varieties of Arabic native to the Mesopotamian basin of Iraq as well as spanning into Syria, Iran, southeastern Turkey, and spoken in Iraqi diaspora communities.

Najdi Arabic (Arabic: اللهجة النجدية‎‎) is a variety of Arabic spoken in the Najd region of Saudi Arabia.

North Mesopotamian Arabic (also known as Moslawi (meaning 'of Mosul') or Mesopotamian Qeltu Arabic) is a variety of Arabic spoken north of the Hamrin Mountains in Iraq, in western Iran, northern Syria, and in southeastern Turkey (in the eastern Mediterranean Region, Southeastern Anatolia Region, and southern Eastern Anatolia Region).

Judeo-Iraqi Arabic (also known as Iraqi Judeo-Arabic and Yahudic) is a variety of Arabic spoken by Iraqi Jews currently or formerly living in Iraq.

Modern Standard Arabic (MSA; Arabic: اللغة العربية الفصحى‎‎ al-lughah al-ʻArabīyah al-fuṣḥá 'the most eloquent Arabic language'), Standard Arabic, or Literary Arabic is the standardized and literary variety of Arabic used in writing and in most formal speech.

Northern Kurdish (کوردیا ژۆرین; kurdiya jorîn), also called Kurmanji (کورمانجی; Kurmancî), is a group of Kurdish dialects predominantly spoken in southeast Turkey, northwest Iran, northern Iraq and northern Syria.

Adyghe (/ˈædᵻɡeɪ/ or /ˌɑːdᵻˈɡeɪ/; Adyghe: Адыгабзэ, adyghabze IPA: [aːdəɣabza]), also known as West Circassian (КӀахыбзэ), is one of the two official languages of the Republic of Adygea in the Russian Federation, the other being Russian.

Arabic (Arabic: العَرَبِيَّة‎‎, Al-ʻarabiyyah [ʔalʕaraˈbijːah] or Arabic: عَرَبِيّ‎‎ ʻarabiyy [ʕaraˈbijː] ) is the Classical Arabic language of the 6th century and its modern descendants, excluding Maltese.

Chechen (Нохчийн Мотт / Noxçiyn Mott / نَاخچیین موٓتت / ნახჩიე მუოთთ, Nokhchiin mott, [ˈnɔx.t͡ʃiːn mu.ɔt]) is a Northeast Caucasian language family.

Kurdish (کوردی, Kurdî) is a continuum of Northwestern Iranian languages spoken by the Kurds in Western Asia.

Kabardian (/kəˈbɑːrdiən/; Kabardian: адыгэбзэ or къэбэрдей адыгэбзэ or къэбэрдейбзэ ; Adyghe: адыгэбзэ or къэбэртай адыгабзэ or къэбэртайбзэ), also known as Kabardino-Cherkess (къэбэрдей-черкесыбзэ) or East Circassian, is a Northwest Caucasian language, closely related to the Adyghe language.

Brahui /brəˈhuːi/ (Brahui: براہوئی) is a Dravidian language spoken by the Brahui people in the central Balochistan region of Pakistan and Afghanistan, and by expatriate Brahui communities in Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Iraq, and Iran.

Luri also Lurish is a Western Iranian language continuum spoken by the Lurs in Western Asia.

Afshar or Afshari, also known as "Afshar Azerbaijani" is a Turkic language spoken in Turkey, Iran, Syria, and parts of Afghanistan by the Afshar people.

Southern Kurdish (کوردی خوارگ; kurdîy xwarig, also called (Pałewanî; پاڵەوانی) is a Kurdish dialect predominantly spoken in western Iran and eastern Iraq. In Iran, it is spoken in the provinces of Kermanshah (Kirmaşan) and Ilam. In Iraq it is spoken in the region of Khanaqin (Xaneqîn), all the way to Mandali, Pehle. It has more than one million speakers in the city of Baghdad. It is also the dialect of the populous Kurdish Kakayî-Kakavand tribe near Kirkuk and most Yarsani kurds in Kermanshah province. There are also populous diasporas of Palewani-speakers found in the Alburz mountains.

Gorani (also Gurani) is a group of Northwestern Iranian dialects spoken by Kurdish people in the southernmost parts of Iranian Kurdistan and the Iraqi Kurdistan region.

Domari is an Indo-Aryan language, spoken by older Dom people scattered across the Middle East and North Africa.

Western Armenian (Classical spelling: արեւմտահայերէն, arevmdahayerên) is one of the two standardized forms of Modern Armenian, the other being Eastern Armenian.

Lishana Deni is a modern Jewish Aramaic language, often called Neo-Aramaic or Judeo-Aramaic.

Lishanid Noshan is a modern Jewish-Aramaic language, often called Neo-Aramaic or Judeo-Aramaic.

Baghdad Jewish Arabic is the Arabic dialect spoken by the Jews of Baghdad and other towns of Southern Iraq.

Babylonian Aramaic was the form of Middle Aramaic employed by writers in Babylonia between the 4th century and the 11th century CE.

Western Persian or Iranian Persian is the most widely spoken dialect of Persian.

Mandaic is the language of the Mandaean religion and community.

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic, or Assyrian, is a Northeastern Neo-Aramaic language spoken by an estimated 200,000 people throughout a large region stretching from the plain of Urmia in northwestern Iran, to the Nineveh plains, and the Irbil, Mosul, Kirkuk and Duhok regions in northern Iraq, together with the Al Hasakah region of northeastern Syria, and formerly parts of southeastern Turkey.

Koy Sanjaq Surat is a modern Eastern Syriac-Aramaic language.

Iraqi Sign Language is the deaf sign language of Iraq.

Betanure Jewish Neo-Aramaic, the local dialect of Betanure, is among the rarest and most seriously endangered varieties of Aramaic spoken at the present time.

Neo-Mandaic, sometimes called the "ratna" (Arabic: رطنة‎‎ raṭna "jargon"), is the modern reflex of Classical Mandaic, the liturgical language of the Mandaean religious community of Iraq and Iran.

Shabaki is a dialect of the Indo-Iranian language Gorani spoken by the Shabak Kurds in Mosul, Iraq.