Flashcards: Languages of Bhutan

Gurung (also, Tamu Kyi, Devanagari:तमु क्यी) is spoken by the Gurung people in two dialects with limited mutual intelligibility.

Limbu is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken in Nepal, India (Darjeeling, Kalimpong, Sikkim, Assam, and Nagaland), Bhutan, Burma, Thailand, UK, Hong Kong, Canada, and USA.

Tamang (Devanagari: तामाङ; tāmāng) is a term used to collectively refer to a dialect cluster spoken mainly in Nepal, Sikkim, West Bengal (Mainly Darjeeling Districts - पश्चिम बङ्गाल राज्यको दार्जीलिङ जिल्लाको बिभिन्न भूभाग), Some parts of Assam and North East Region.

Tshangla (/tsʰaŋla/), also called Sharchop, is a Sino-Tibetan language of the Bodish branch closely related to the Tibetic languages and many of its vocabulary derives from Classical Tibetan.

Lepcha language, or Róng language (Lepcha: ᰛᰩᰵ་ᰛᰧᰶᰵ; Róng ríng), is a Himalayish language spoken by the Lepcha people in Sikkim and parts of West Bengal, Nepal and Bhutan.

Lhokpu, also Lhobikha or Taba-Damey-Bikha, is one of the autochthonous languages of Bhutan spoken by the Lhop people.

Dzongkha or Bhutanese (རྫོང་ཁ་ [dzoŋ'kʰa]), is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken by over half a million people in Bhutan, it is the sole official and national language of the Kingdom of Bhutan.

Santali (Ol Chiki script: ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱞᱤ) is a language in the Munda subfamily of Austroasiatic languages, related to Ho and Mundari.

Central Tibetan, also known as Dbus AKA Ü or Ü-Tsang, is the most widely spoken Tibetic language and the basis of Standard Tibetan.

Khams Tibetan (Wylie: Khams skad, THL: Khamké) is the Tibetic language used by the majority of the people in Kham, which is now divided between the eastern part of Tibet Autonomous Region, the western part of Sichuan, and the northwestern part of Yunnan, China.

Gongduk or Gongdu (Tibetan: དགོང་འདུས་, Wylie: Dgong-'dus) is an endangered Sino-Tibetan language spoken by about 1,000 people in a few inaccessible villages located near the Kuri Chhu river in the Gongdue Gewog of Mongar District in eastern Bhutan.

Lakha (Tibetan: ལ་ཁ་, Wylie: la kha "language of the mountain pass", also called "Tshangkha") is a Southern Tibetic language spoken by about 8,000 people in Wangdue Phodrang and Trongsa Districts in central Bhutan.

The Brokkat language (Dzongkha: བྲོཀ་ཁ་; Wylie: Brok-kha; also called "Brokskad" and "Jokay") is an endangered Southern Tibetic language spoken by about 300 people in the village of Dhur in Bumthang Valley of Bumthang District in central Bhutan.

Newar or Newari, also known as Nepal Bhasa (नेपाल भाषा), is spoken as a native language by the Newar people, the indigenous inhabitants of Nepal Mandala, which consists of the Kathmandu Valley and surrounding regions in Nepal.

Kurukh /ˈkʊrʊx/ (also Kurux and Oraon or Uranw; Devanagari: कुड़ुख़) is a Dravidian language spoken by nearly two million Oraon and Kisan tribal peoples of Odisha and surrounding areas of India (Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, and West Bengal), as well as by 50,000 in northern Bangladesh, 28,600 a dialect called Dhangar in Nepal, and about 5,000 in Bhutan.

The Sikkimese language, also called "Sikkimese Tibetan", "Bhutia", "Drenjongké" (Tibetan: འབྲས་ལྗོངས་སྐད་, Wylie: 'bras ljongs skad "Rice Valley language"), Dranjoke, Denjongka, Denzongpeke, and Denzongke, belongs to the Southern Tibetic languages.

Standard Tibetan is the most widely spoken form of the Tibetic languages.

The Bumthang language (Dzongkha: བུམ་ཐང་ཁ་, Wylie: bum thang kha); also called "Bhumtam", "Bumtang(kha)", "Bumtanp", "Bumthapkha", and "Kebumtamp") is an East Bodish language spoken by about 36,500 people in Bumthang and surrounding districts of Bhutan.

Groma, also Chumbi or Dhromo, is a language spoken in India (Sikkim) and China (Tibet).

The Takpa or Dakpa language (Dzongkha: Tibetan: དཀ་པ་ཁ་, Wylie: dak pa kha, Dakpakha, known in India as Tawang Monpa, is an East Bodish language spoken in the Tawang district of Arunachal Pradesh, claimed by Tibet as a part of Lho-kha Sa-khul, and in northern Trashigang District in eastern Bhutan, mainly in Chaleng, Phongmed Gewog, Yobinang, Dangpholeng and Lengkhar near Radi Gewog. Van Driem (2001) describes Takpa as the most divergent of Bhutan's East Bodish languages, though it shares many similarities with Bumthang. SIL reports that Takpa may be a dialect of the Brokpa language and that it been influenced by the Dzala language whereas Brokpa has not.

Chamling is one of the Kiranti languages spoken by the Kiranti and Rai peoples of eastern Nepal.

The Kurtöp language (Dzongkha: ཀུར་ཏོ་པ་ཁ་; Wylie: Kur-to-pa kha; Kurtöpkha, also called Kurtö and Zhâke) is an East Bodish language spoken in Kurtoe Gewog, Lhuntse District, Bhutan.

'Ole, also called 'Olekha or Black Mountain Monpa, is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken by about 1000 people in the Black Mountains of Wangdue Phodrang and Trongsa Districts in western Bhutan.

The Brokpa language (Tibetan: དྲོཀ་པ་ཁ་, Dzongkha: Bjokha), also called the "Mera-Sakteng language" after its speakers' home regions, is a Southern Tibetic language spoken by about 5000 people mainly in Mera and Sakteng Gewogs in the Sakteng Valley of Trashigang District in Easte Bhutan.

The Chocangaca language or Chocangacakha (Dzongkha: ཁྱོད་ཅ་ང་ཅ་ཁ་ Wylie: Khyod ca nga ca kha "'You' and 'I' language"; also called "Kursmad-kha", "Maphekha", "rTsamangpa'i kha", and "Tsagkaglingpa'i kha") or Tsamang is a Southern Tibetic language spoken by about 20,000 people in the Kurichu Valley of Lhuntse and Mongar Districts in eastern Bhutan.

The Chali language (Dzongkha: ཚ་ལི་ཁ་; Wylie: Tsha-li-kha; also called "Chalikha," "Chalipkha," "Tshali," and "Tshalingpa") is an East Bodish language spoken by about 8,200 people in Wangmakhar, Gorsum and Tormazhong villages in Mongar District in eastern Bhutan, mainly around Chhali Gewog on east bank of Kuri Chhu River.

The Dzala language, also called Dzalakha, Dzalamat, or Yangtsebikha, is an East Bodish language spoken in eastern Bhutan, in the Lhuntse and Trashiyangtse Districts.

The Nupbi language (Dzongkha: nupba'i kha "Western language") is an East Bodish language spoken by about 2200 people in central Bhutan.

Nyenkha (Dzongkha: འནྱེན་ཁ་; Wylie: 'Nyen-kha; also called "'Nyenkha", "Henkha", "Lap", "Nga Ked", and "Mangsdekha") is an East Bodish language spoken by about 10,000 people in the eastern, northern, and western areas of the Black Mountains.

Toto is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken on the border of India and Bhutan, by the tribal Toto people in Totopara, West Bengal along the border with Bhutan.

The Lunana language, Lunanakha (Dzongkha: ལུང་ནག་ན་ཁ་; Wylie: lung-nag-na-kha) is a Tibetic language spoken in Bhutan (Lunana Gewog, Gasa District) by some 700 people in 1998.

Laya (Dzongkha: ལ་ཡ་ཁ་, ལ་ཡག་ཁ་; Wylie: la-ya-kha, la-yag-kha) is a Tibetic variety spoken by indigenous Layaps inhabiting the high mountains of northwest Bhutan in the village of Laya, Gasa District.