Land preparation
refers to the
process of preparing the soil for
planting crops.
creates favorable conditions
for seed germination, seedling
growth, and crop management
by reducing weeds and soil
pathogens.
goal of land preparation
water retention,
drainage, aeration, and ease of
field operations.
what does land preparation improve
Tillage
It involves breaking up, turning, and
loosening the soil to improve its
structure, manage crop residues,
control weeds, and enhance water
infiltration.
Tillage
The manipulation of the soil into a
desired condition by mechanical
means; tools are employed to
achieve some desired effect.
Primary tillage
Initial soil preparation, such as
plowing, to break up the soil.
adequate power
dry
plowing is possible with
moist for plowing and stable
enough for traction,
primary tillage is done when the soil is
Plowing
to cut soil into furrow
slices and to partly pulverize the soil
(still in cloddy condition)
Plowing
to incorporate weeds and
stubble underneath the
soil
Secondary tillage
refers to
the tillage operations
performed after primary
tillage to refine the soil for
planting.
Secondary tillage
It helps in further breaking up
clods, leveling the field,
controlling weeds, and
improving soil structure for
better seedbed preparation
harrowing
done to pulverize the clods left after
plowing and to level the field
soil type, weed density, soil moisture content, crops to be grown,
The number of plowing and harrowing depends
on:
Circuitous pattern
Used with discs and offset discs, it
follows a continuous loop but leaves a central furrow that's
hard to drain and cultivate.
Up and back pattern
Implements run parallel, ensuring
efficiency and even cultivation without furrows. Suitable for
rotavators, harrows, and reversible plows.
Gathering pattern
Plowing starts from the center and
moves outward, requiring field measurement. Works with all
plow types.
dikes or bunds
in lowland areas these are built to retain water
10-20 cm
how deep is the soil to be plowed in lowland areas
Puddling
done after 10-14 days of submerging
Puddling
it is used to creating a
watertight layer to reduce
water loss and enhance
nutrient retention.
submerging
done for for 10−14 days
to soften clods and
decompose organic matter.
Leveling
is done using a wooden
plank with a draft animal or small
tractor, requiring 12 days of
water coverage.
Dry preparation
is mainly used for
upland crops but can also be applied to
lowland fields with diverse crops.
Dry preparation
This method avoids puddling and
standing water, requiring less water
while improving soil aeration.
less availability of
phosphorus, potassium, silicon, and
molybdenum.
upland chemical characteristic
phosphorus, potassium,
silicon, and molybdenum;
lowland higher available chemicals