Flashcards: Jewish theologians

Sa'd ibn Mansur (Izz Al-dawla) Ibn Kammuna (in Arabic ابن كمونة، عز الدوله سعد بن منصور البغدادى), died in 1284, was a 13th Century Jewish physician (ophthalmologist), philosopher and critic of Islam who lived in Baghdad.

Joel Teitelbaum (Hebrew: יואל טייטלבוים‎‎, Ashkenazi pronunciation: IPA: [jɔjl̩ teɪtɛlbɔjm]; 13 January 1887 – 19 August 1979) was the founder and first Grand Rebbe of the Satmar dynasty.

Manuel Joël (or Joel; October 19, 1826 – November 3, 1890) was a German Jewish philosopher and preacher.

Samson Raphael Hirsch (June 20, 1808 – December 31, 1888) was a German rabbi best known as the intellectual founder of the Torah im Derech Eretz school of contemporary Orthodox Judaism.

Moses Mendelssohn (6 September 1729 – 4 January 1786) was a German Jewish philosopher to whose ideas the Haskalah, the 'Jewish enlightenment' of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, is indebted.

Ahron Daum (Hebrew: אהרן דאום‎‎; born January 6, 1951) is an Israeli-born Modern-Orthodox rabbi, educator, author, and former chief rabbi of Frankfurt am Main, currently residing in Antwerp, Belgium.

Nahum Norbert Glatzer (March 25, 1903 – February 27, 1990) was a Jewish literary scholar, theologian, and editor.

Aaron Samuel ben Israel Kaidanover (1614 in Vilna - December 1, 1676 in Chmielnik) (Hebrew: אהרן שמואל קאידנוור) was a Polish-Lithuanian rabbi.

Zvi Yehuda Kook (Hebrew: צבי יהודה קוק, born 23 April 1891, died 9 March 1982) was a rabbi, leader of Religious Zionism and Rosh Yeshiva of the Mercaz HaRav yeshiva.

Nathan ben Jehiel of Rome (Hebrew: נתן בן יחיאל מרומי; Nathan ben Y'ḥiel Mi Romi according to Sephardic pronunciation) (c. 1035 – 1106) was a Jewish Italian lexicographer.

Shmuel Eidels (1555 – 1631) (Hebrew: שמואל אליעזר הלוי איידלס‎‎), was a renowned rabbi and Talmudist famous for his commentary on the Talmud, Chiddushei Halachot.

Avrohom Yeshaya Karelitz, (7 November 1878 – 24 October 1953), popularly known by the name of his magnum opus, Chazon Ish, was a Belarusian born Orthodox rabbi who later became one of the leaders of Haredi Judaism in Israel, where his final 20 years, from 1933 to 1953, were spent.

Eliezer Berkovits (8 September 1908, Nagyvárad, Austria-Hungary – 20 August 1992, Jerusalem), was a rabbi, theologian, and educator in the tradition of Orthodox Judaism.

Leo Baeck (23 May 1873 – 2 November 1956) was a 20th-century German rabbi, scholar and theologian.

Moses Schreiber (1762–1839), known to his own community and Jewish posterity in the Hebrew translation as Moshe Sofer, also known by his main work Chatam Sofer, Chasam Sofer or Hatam Sofer, (trans. Seal of the Scribe and acronym for Chiddushei Torat Moshe Sofer), was one of the leading Orthodox rabbis of European Jewry in the first half of the nineteenth century.

Elimelech Weisblum of Lizhensk (1717–March 11, 1787), a Rabbi and one of the great founding Rebbes of the Hasidic movement, was known after his hometown, Leżajsk (Yiddish: ליזשענסק-Lizhensk‎) near Rzeszów in Poland.

Jacob ben Asher, also known as Ba'al ha-Turim as well as Rabbi Yaakov ben Raash (Rabbeinu Asher), was probably born in the Holy Roman Empire at Cologne about 1269 and probably died at Toledo, then in the Kingdom of Castile, about 1343.

Solomon ibn Gabirol (alt. Solomon ben Judah) (Hebrew: שלמה בן יהודה אבן גבירול‎‎ Shlomo Ben Yehuda ibn Gabirol, pronounced [ʃlɵ.mɵ bɛn jɛ.ˈhuː.də ˈɪ.bn ˌgə.bi.ˈrɒːl]; Arabic: أبوأيوب سليمان بن يحيى بن جبيرول‎‎ Abu Ayyub Sulayman bin Yahya bin Jabrirul, pronounced [æ.ˈbuː æy.ˈyuːb ˌsu.læj.ˈmæːnɪ bnɪ ˌjæ'hyæː bnɪ dʒæ.biː.'ruːl]) was an 11th-century Andalusian poet and Jewish philosopher with a Neo-Platonic bent.

Alexandru Şafran (or Alexandre Safran; September 12, 1910 – July 27, 2006) was a Romanian and, after 1948, Swiss rabbi.

Mordecai Menahem Kaplan (June 11, 1881 – November 8, 1983), was a rabbi, essayist and Jewish educator and the co-founder of Reconstructionist Judaism along with his son-in-law Ira Eisenstein.

Judah Loew ben Bezalel, alt.

Joseph Ber Soloveitchik (Hebrew: יוסף דב הלוי סולובייצ׳יק‎‎ Yosef Dov ha-Levi Soloveychik; February 27, 1903 – April 9, 1993) was a major American Orthodox rabbi, Talmudist and modern Jewish philosopher.

Menachem Mendel of Vitebsk (1730?–1788), also known as Menachem Mendel of Horodok, was an early leader of Hasidic Judaism.

Jacob Abendana (1630 – 12 September 1685) was hakham of London from 1680 until his death.

Martin Buber (Hebrew: מרטין בובר‎‎, German: Martin Buber, Yiddish: מארטין בובער‎; February 8, 1878 – June 13, 1965) was an Austrian-born Israeli Jewish philosopher best known for his philosophy of dialogue, a form of existentialism centered on the distinction between the I–Thou relationship and the I–It relationship.

Nachman HaKohen Krochmal (born in Brody, Galicia, on 17 February 1785; died at Ternopil on 31 July 1840) was a Jewish Galician philosopher, theologian, and historian.

David Cassel (March 7, 1818 – January 22, 1893) was a German historian and Jewish theologian.

Shlomo ben Aderet (Hebrew: שלמה בן אדרת or Solomon son of Aderet) (1235–1310) was a Medieval rabbi, halakhist, and Talmudist.

Abraham Kohn (June 13, 1806 in Zalužany, Bohemia – September 7, 1848 at Lemberg, Galicia) was the liberal Chief Rabbi of Lemberg, and was poisoned to death.

Judah Halevi (also Yehuda Halevi or ha-Levi; Hebrew: יהודה הלוי and Judah ben Shmuel Halevi יהודה בן שמואל הלוי; Arabic: يهوذا اللاوي‎‎; c. 1075 – 1141) was a Spanish Jewish physician, poet and philosopher.

Nathaniel Weil (1687 – 7 May 1769) was a rabbi and talmudist born at Stühlingen, son of Naphtali Zvi Hirsch Weil.

Rabbi Sa'adiah ben Yosef Gaon (Arabic: سعيد بن يوصف الفيومي‎‎ / סעיד בן יוסף אלפיומי Saʻīd bin Yūsuf al-Fayyūmi, Sa'id ibn Yusuf al-Dilasi, Saadia ben Yosef aluf, Sa'id ben Yusuf ra's al-Kull; Hebrew: רבי סעדיה בן יוסף אלפיומי גאון' or in short: סעדיה גאון; alternative English Names: Saadia b. Joseph, Saadia ben Joseph or Saadia ben Joseph of Faym or Saadia ben Joseph Al-Fayyumi; b. Egypt 882/892, d. Baghdad 942) was a prominent rabbi, Jewish philosopher, and exegete of the Geonic period who was active in the Abbasid Caliphate.

Abraham Isaac Kook (Hebrew: אברהם יצחק הכהן קוק Abraham Yitshak ha-Kohen Kuk; 1865–1935) was the first Ashkenazi chief rabbi of the British Mandatory Palestine, the founder of Yeshiva Mercaz HaRav Kook (The Central Universal Yeshiva), Jewish thinker, Halakhist, Kabbalist and a renowned Torah scholar.

Abraham ben David (c. 1125 – 27 November 1198), also known by the abbreviation RABaD (for Rabbeinu Abraham ben David) Ravad or RABaD III , was a Provençal rabbi, a great commentator on the Talmud, Sefer Halachot of Rabbi Yitzhak Alfasi and Mishne Torah of Maimonides, and is regarded as a father of Kabbalah and one of the key and important links in the chain of Jewish mystics.

Hasdai ben Abraham Crescas (Catalan: [həzˈðaj ˈβeɲ ʒuˈða ˈkɾeskəs]; Hebrew: חסדאי קרשקש; c. 1340, in Barcelona – 1410/11, in Zaragoza) was a Spanish-Jewish philosopher and a renowned halakhist (teacher of Jewish law).

Ruth Lapide (née Ruth Rosenblatt, born 1929 in Burghaslach), Franconia, Germany, is a Jewish theologian and historian who is foremost among German language scholars that endeavor to facilitate and improve understanding between Jews and Christians, to a degree also with Muslims.

Pinchas Lapide (November 28, 1922 – October 23, 1997) was a Jewish theologian and Israeli historian.

Adolf Büchler (also Adolph) (October 18, 1867, at Priekopa, Hungary (now Slovakia) – 1939) was an Austro - Hungarian rabbi, historian and theologian.

Brad Hirschfield (born 1963) is a rabbi, author and the president of CLAL–The National Jewish Center for Learning and Leadership.

Rabbi Pinchas Winston (born 1959 ) is an international lecturer and acclaimed author, having published more than 25 works about Judaism.

Meir (Ish Shalom) Friedmann (July 10, 1831, at Kraszna (Slovak: Kružná), district of Kashau (Košice Region), Kingdom of Hungary, Austrian Empire – 1908, at Vienna, Austria-Hungary) was an Austrian-Hungarian Jewish scholar.

Mordechai Yosef Leiner of Izbica (Yiddish: איזשביצע, איזביצע Izhbitze, Izbitse, Ishbitze‎) (1801-1854) was a rabbinic Hasidic thinker and founder of the Izhbitza-Radzyn dynasty of Hasidic Judaism.

Donniel Hartman is a Jewish Israeli Modern Orthodox rabbi and educator.