Inflammatory Response
body's natural defense that is activated when body is injured, when foreign substances are present, or when infectious agents attack
4 steps of inflammation
1. Recognition of harmful stimuli by pattern receptors (located on surface of cells)
2. Activation of inflammatory pathway
3.Release of inflammatory markers
4. Recruitment of inflammatory cells
2 categories of inflamation response
Infectious
Noninfectious
Infectious triggers
Viruses, bacteria, fungi (microorganisms)
Non-infectious triggers
burns, frostbite, foreign bodies that have entered body, trauma, injury, and radiation
Chemical noninfectious triggers
fluoride
nickel
fatty acids
alcohol
toxins
glucose
Manifestations of Inflamation
Heat
Redness
Swelling
Pain
Loss of Function
Mediators of Inflamation
Histamine
Kinins
Prostaglandins
Inflamatory Response Outcomes
Heals Locally
Spreads to lymph nodes (if too strong and unable to contain locally, causes inc WBCs)
Spreads to Blood Stream (infection of one or more systems, septicimia (antibiotics given)
Stages Of Infection
1. Incubation
2.Prodromal
3.Acute Illness
4.Period of Decline
5.Period of Convalescence
Incubation
First stage of infection
Pt doesn't feel ill, or have visible manifestations
Period of exposure to first symptom
(Changes in pathology may be observed with lab tests)
Prodromal
Second Stage of Infection
Pt has initial manifestations as infectious agent replicates
symptoms nonspecific (fever, aches, poor appetite, malaise)
Acute Illness
Third Stage of Infection
Manifestations of specific infectious disease process become obvious
Infection is considered severe at this stage
Period Of Decline
fourth stage of infection
manifestations begin to subside as # of infectious agents in the body decrease
PT begins to feel better, regain strength and function
Period of Convalescence
Final Stage of Infection
Return to previous or a new balanced state of health
some infections are so severe PT may not regain all previous functions and is left with lasting effects
(T/F) The type of infectious agnet, the soundness of the clients immune system, and the timeliness of treatment are all factors that influence the duration and severity of infections
True