Flashcards: Imprisonment and detention

Involuntary commitment or civil commitment (also known as sectioning in some jurisdictions) is a legal process through which an individual who is deemed by a qualified agent to have symptoms of severe psychiatric disease is court-ordered into treatment in a mental institution (inpatient) or in the community (outpatient).

The People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (Народный комиссариат внутренних дел, Narodnyi Komissariat Vnutrennikh Del), abbreviated NKVD (НКВД ), was a law enforcement agency of the Soviet Union that directly executed the will of the All Union Communist Party.

In justice and law, house arrest (also called home confinement, home detention, or electronic monitoring) is a measure by which a person is confined by the authorities to a certain residence.

Magdalene asylums, also known as Magdalene laundries, were institutions from the 18th to the late 20th centuries ostensibly to house "fallen women", a term used to imply female sexual promiscuity or work in prostitution.

Traditionally, bail is some form of property deposited or pledged to a court to persuade it to release a suspect from jail, on the understanding that the suspect will return for trial or forfeit the bail (and possibly be brought up on charges of the crime of failure to appear).

A prisoner of war (POW, PoW, PW, P/W, WP, PsW, enemy prisoner of war (EPW) or "missing-captured") is a person, whether combatant or non-combatant, who is held in custody by a belligerent power during or immediately after an armed conflict.

Detention is the process when a state or private citizen lawfully holds a person by removing his or her freedom of liberty at that time.

A political prisoner is someone imprisoned because they have opposed or criticized the government responsible.

An ankle monitor (also known as a tether, or ankle bracelet) is a homing device that individuals under house arrest or parole are often required to wear.

Political abuse of psychiatry is the misuse of psychiatry, including diagnosis, detention, and treatment, for the purposes of obstructing the human rights of individuals and/or groups in a society.

A correctional facility, detention center, gaol (Australia, New Zealand, Republic of Ireland, UK), jail (US, Canada), penitentiary, prison, or remand centre is a facility in which inmates are forcibly confined and denied a variety of freedoms under the authority of the state as a form of punishment.

Tamil Solidarity, formerly the Stop the Slaughter of Tamils (SST), is a leftist activist group fighting for the rights of Tamils in Sri Lanka.

Independent Monitoring Boards (IMB) are statutory bodies established by the Prison Act 1952 to monitor the welfare of prisoners in the UK to ensure that they are properly cared for within Prison and Immigration Centre rules, whilst in custody and detention.

International Coalition to End Torture (commonly known as End Torture and ICET) is a non-governmental organisation focused on raising awareness of human rights and the United Nations Convention Against Torture around the world by knowing them, demanding them, and defending them.

Blanche Monnier (1849-1913), often known in France as la Séquestrée de Poitiers, was a woman in Poitiers, France who was secretly kept locked in a small room by her mother for 25 years.

Broken Lives was written by Estelle Blackburn between 1992 and 1998.

In American criminal justice systems a youth detention center, also known as a juvenile detention center (JDC), juvenile hall or, more colloquially as juvy, is a secure prison or jail for minors under the age of 18, often termed juvenile delinquents, awaiting court hearings and/or placement in long-term care facilities and programs.

Amina Masood Janjua, (Urdu: آمنہ مسعود جنجوعہ‎): born 28 April 1964, originally a painter and a poet, is known for her struggle against enforced disappearance in Pakistan.

Fair Trials International (FTI) is a UK-registered non-governmental organization which works for fair trials according to international standards of justice and defends the rights of those facing charges in a country other than their own.

Front Line Defenders or The International Foundation for the Protection of Human Rights Defenders is an Irish-based human rights organisation founded in Dublin, Ireland in 2001 to protect human rights defenders at risk, i.

Economic Social Legal Pathways (“ESLP”) is a non-profit multidisciplinary, collaborative organization that provides a continuum of services, advocacy, and produces research, research-based policy prescriptions, and curricular innovation on the most challenging poverty, homelessness, civil rights, education, criminal justice, family and economic security, immigration and healthcare issues facing California and the United States.

Quiriquina Island, Chile is located at the entrance to the Bay of Concepción, 11 km north of Talcahuano.

May 17 Movement is a prominent Tamil Civil rights activist group fighting for the rights of Tamils in particular Sri Lankan Tamils.

Sayyid Hasan ar-Rida al-Mahdi as-Senussi (1928 – 28 April 1992) was the crown prince of the Kingdom of Libya from 26 October 1956 to 1 September 1969, when the monarchy was abolished.

Imprisonment (from imprison Old French, French emprisonner, from en in + prison prison, from Latin prensio, arrest, from prehendere, prendere, to seize) is the restraint of a person's liberty, for any cause whatsoever, whether by authority of the government, or by a person acting without such authority.

The Rheinwiesenlager (English: Rhine meadow camps), were a group of 19 camps built in the Allied-occupied part of Germany by the U.

Sri Lanka Campaign for Peace and Justice is an international, non profit, human rights group founded in 2009 to seek justice for thousands of Tamils killed during the final stages of the Sri Lankan Civil War and promote lasting peace.

He was married to Khin Khin Thein and had several children (eight children), including Ye Htoon.

Douglas Brent Hegdahl III (born September 3, 1946) is a former Petty officer second class (E-5) of the United States Navy sailor who was a prisoner of war (POW) during the Vietnam War.

Loughan House is a low security open detention centre in Blacklion, County Cavan, Ireland.

ACT NOW is a Human rights campaign group founded by former British humanitarian aid workers from Sri Lanka against human rights abuses against Tamils.

The Arab Commission for Human Rights (Arabic: اللجنة العربية لحقوق الإنسان‎‎ / French: Commission Arabe des Droits Humains / ACHR) is an Arab world non-governmental human rights organisation that was founded in 1998.

Arthur Charles Evans CBE (21 March 1916 – 18 March 2011) was best known as the author of Sojourn in Silesia: 1940 - 1945, in which he recounts his experiences of his time in World War II, between 1940 and 1945, in the prisoner-of-war camp, Stalag VIIIB.

Defend International (commonly known as DI) is an international non-governmental organisation whose mission is "to respond to grave violations of human rights and International Humanitarian Law, monitor the implementation of preventive measures that are designed to end impunity for the perpetrators of these crimes, conduct medical research that may either directly or indirectly improve the health standard of communities, and to promote peace and democracy through cultural relations and diplomacy.

Derechos Human Rights or Derechos humanos is an International human rights organization with their primary focus being on Latin America.

Indefinite imprisonment or indeterminate imprisonment is the imposition of a sentence by imprisonment with no definite period of time set during sentencing.