Flashcards: Immunosuppressants

Pomalidomide (INN, codenamed CC-4047, also known as 3-amino-thalidomide, trade name Pomalyst in the U.S. and Imnovid in EU and Russia) is a derivative of thalidomide marketed by Celgene.

Leflunomide (original brand name Arava) is an immunosuppressive disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD), used in active moderate-to-severe rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis.

Natalizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody against the cell adhesion molecule α4-integrin.

Sirolimus (INN/USAN), also known as rapamycin, is a macrolide compound produced by the bacterium Streptomyces hygroscopicus that is used in medicine to prevent organ transplant rejection and to treat lymphangioleiomyomatosis.

Fludarabine or fludarabine phosphate (Fludara) is a chemotherapy drug used in the treatment of hematological malignancies (cancers of blood cells such as leukemias and lymphomas).

Azathioprine (AZA), also known by its brand name Imuran, is an immunosuppressive drug used in organ transplantation and autoimmune diseases and belongs to the chemical class of purine analogues.

Immunosuppressive drugs or immunosuppressive agents or antirejection medications are drugs that inhibit or prevent activity of the immune system.

Sodium aurothiomalate (INN, known in the United States as gold sodium thiomalate) is a gold compound that is used for its immunosuppressive anti-rheumatic effects.

Tacrolimus (also FK-506 or fujimycin, trade names Prograf, Advagraf, Protopic) is an immunosuppressive drug used mainly after allogeneic organ transplant to lower the risk of organ rejection.

Daclizumab (trade name Zinbryta) is a therapeutic humanized monoclonal antibody used for the treatment of adults with relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis.

Infliximab (trade names Remicade among others) is a chimeric monoclonal antibody biologic drug that works against tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and is used to treat autoimmune diseases.

Etanercept (trade name Enbrel) is a biopharmaceutical that treats autoimmune diseases by interfering with tumor necrosis factor (TNF; a soluble inflammatory cytokine) by acting as a TNF inhibitor.

Anakinra (brand name Kineret) is a drug used to treat rheumatoid arthritis.

Pimecrolimus is an immunomodulating agent used in the treatment of atopic dermatitis (eczema).

Basiliximab (trade name Simulect) is a chimeric mouse-human monoclonal antibody to the α chain (CD25) of the IL-2 receptor of T cells.

Thalidomide sold under the brand names Immunoprin, among others, is an immunomodulatory drug and the prototype of the thalidomide class of drugs.

Ciclosporin, also spelled cyclosporine, is an immunosuppressant drug widely used in organ transplantation to prevent rejection.

7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) is an immunosuppressor and a powerful organ-specific laboratory carcinogen.

Teriflunomide (trade name Aubagio, marketed by Sanofi) is the active metabolite of leflunomide.

Everolimus (INN) (/ˌɛvəˈroʊləməs/) (earlier code name RAD001) is the 40-O-(2-hydroxyethyl) derivative of sirolimus and works similarly to sirolimus as an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR).

Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), sold under the trade names Plaquenil among others, is an antimalarial medication.

Penicillamine, sold under the trade names of Cuprimine, Cuprenyl and Depen, is a medication of the chelator class.

Methotrexate (MTX), formerly known as amethopterin, is a chemotherapy agent and immune system suppressant.

Chloroquine is a medication used to prevent and to treat malaria in areas where malaria is known to be sensitive to its effects.

Fingolimod (INN, trade name Gilenya, Novartis) is an immunomodulating drug, mostly used for treating multiple sclerosis (MS).

Lenalidomide (trade name Revlimid) is a derivative of thalidomide introduced in 2004.

Umirolimus (INN/USAN), is a macrocyclic lactone, a highly lipophilic derivative of sirolimus, an immunosuppressant.

Voclosporin is an experimental immunosuppressant drug being developed by Isotechnika and Lux Biosciences.

Ridaforolimus (also known as AP23573 and MK-8669; formerly known as Deforolimus) is an investigational targeted and small-molecule inhibitor of the protein mTOR, a protein that acts as a central regulator of protein synthesis, cell proliferation, cell cycle progression and cell survival, integrating signals from proteins, such as PI3K, AKT and PTEN known to be important to malignancy.

Afelimomab (MAK 195F) is an anti-TNFα monoclonal antibody.

Alefacept is a genetically engineered immunosuppressive drug.

Abatacept (marketed as Orencia) is a drug used to treat autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, by interfering with the immune activity of T cells.

4-Deoxypyridoxine is a vitamin B6 antagonist.

Ascomycin, also called Immunomycin, FR-900520, FK520, is an ethyl analog of tacrolimus (FK506) with strong immunosuppressant properties.

Pegsunercept is a drug for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

Gusperimus is an immunosuppressive drug.

Ponesimod (INN, codenamed ACT-128800) is an experimental drug for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) and psoriasis.

Eritoran is an investigational drug for the treatment of severe sepsis, an excessive inflammatory response to an infection.

Secukinumab, trade name Cosentyx, is a human monoclonal antibody that binds to the protein interleukin (IL)-17A,and is manufactured by Novartis Pharma AG for the treatment of psoriasis.

Belimumab (trade name Benlysta, previously known as LymphoStat-B) is a human monoclonal antibody that inhibits B-cell activating factor (BAFF), also known as B-lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS).

Anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) is an infusion of horse or rabbit-derived antibodies against human T cells, which is used in the prevention and treatment of acute rejection in organ transplantation and therapy of aplastic anemia.

Adalimumab (trade names Humira and Exemptia) is a medication used for rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, moderate to severe chronic psoriasis, moderate to severe hidradenitis suppurativa, and juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

Laquinimod is an experimental immunomodulator developed by Active Biotech and Teva.

Certolizumab pegol (CDP870, tradename Cimzia) is a biologic medication for the treatment of Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis.

Gliotoxin is a sulfur-containing mycotoxin that belongs to a class of naturally occurring 2,5-diketopiperazines produced by several species of fungi, especially those of marine origin.

Muromonab-CD3 (trade name Orthoclone OKT3, marketed by Janssen-Cilag) is an immunosuppressant drug given to reduce acute rejection in patients with organ transplants.

Efalizumab (trade name Raptiva, Genentech, Merck Serono) is a formerly available medication designed to treat autoimmune diseases, originally marketed to treat psoriasis.

Zotarolimus (INN, codenamed ABT-578) is an immunosuppressant.

Variecolol is an immunosuppressant/antiviral alkaloid isolated from ascomycete.

Briakinumab (ABT-874) is a human monoclonal antibody being developed by Abbott Laboratories for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and multiple sclerosis.

Mapracorat (INN, code names BOL-303242-X, ZK-245186) is an anti-inflammatory drug belonging to the experimental class of selective glucocorticoid receptor agonists (SEGRAs).

Mizoribine (INN, trade name Bredinin) is an immunosuppressive drug.

Rilonacept, also known as IL-1 Trap (marketed by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals under the trade name Arcalyst), is an interleukin 1 inhibitor.

Ixekizumab (trade name Taltz) is an injectable drug for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.

Ustekinumab (INN, experimental name CNTO 1275, proprietary commercial name Stelara, Centocor) is a human monoclonal antibody.

Mycophenolic acid, less accurately called mycophenolate, is an immunosuppressant drug used to prevent rejection in organ transplantation.

Eculizumab (INN and USAN; trade name Soliris) is a humanized monoclonal antibody that is a terminal complement inhibitor.

Tocilizumab (INN, or atlizumab, developed by Hoffmann–La Roche and Chugai and sold under the trade names Actemra and RoActemra) is an immunosuppressive drug, mainly for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis, a severe form of arthritis in children.

Disodium aurothiomalate is a chemical compound with the formula AuSCH(CO2Na)CH2CO2Na.

Abetimus is an immunosuppressant.