Flashcards: Human drug metabolites

Prednisolone is a synthetic glucocorticoid, a derivative of cortisol, used to treat a variety of inflammatory and autoimmune conditions and some cancers.

Oxypurinol is an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase.

Oxazepam is a short-to-intermediate-acting benzodiazepine.

Desloratadine is a tricyclic H1-antihistamine that is used to treat allergies.

Gentisic acid is a dihydroxybenzoic acid.

Carboxycyclophosphamide is an inactive metabolite of the cytotoxic antineoplastic drug cyclophosphamide.

meta-Chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP) is a psychoactive drug of the phenylpiperazine class.

The DrugBank database is a comprehensive, freely accessible, online database containing information on drugs and drug targets.

Teriflunomide (trade name Aubagio, marketed by Sanofi) is the active metabolite of leflunomide.

Penicillamine, sold under the trade names of Cuprimine, Cuprenyl and Depen, is a medication of the chelator class.

Paliperidone (trade name Invega), also known as 9-hydroxyrisperidone, is a dopamine antagonist and 5-HT2A antagonist of the atypical antipsychotic class of medications.

Tizoxanide, also known as desacetyl-nitazoxanide, is a thiazolide and an antiparasitic agent that occurs as a metabolite of nitazoxanide in humans through hydrolysis.

Hydroxycarteolol is a beta blocker and metabolite of carteolol.

Ampyrone is a metabolite of aminopyrine with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties.

N-Desalkylflurazepam (also known as Norflurazepam) is a benzodiazepine analog and an active metabolite of several other benzodiazepine drugs including flurazepam, flutoprazepam, fludiazepam, midazolam, quazepam, and ethyl loflazepate.

Hydroxybupropion (code name BW 306U), or 6-hydroxybupropion, is the major active metabolite of the antidepressant and smoking cessation drug bupropion.

Penicilloic acid is any of several acids which are obtained from the penicillins by the hydrolytic opening of the lactam ring (as by the action of a beta-lactamase).

Nordazepam (INN; marketed under brand names Nordaz, Stilny, Madar, Vegesan, and Calmday; also known as nordiazepam, desoxydemoxepam, and desmethyldiazepam) is a 1,4-benzodiazepine derivative.

3-Methoxymorphinan is a levomethorphan metabolite that has been shown to produce local anesthetic effects.

Afimoxifene, also known as 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT, 4-HT, OHTAM, others), is a selective estrogen receptor modulator and the active metabolite of tamoxifen.

N-Acetylprocainamide (NAPA or acecainide) is the N-acetylated metabolite of procainamide.

19-Norandrosterone is a nandrolone derivative and bolandione metabolite.

3-Hydroxyphenazepam is a benzodiazepine with hypnotic, sedative, anxiolytic, and anticonvulsant properties.

2-Ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP) is a major metabolite of methadone.

Licarbazepine is a voltage-gated sodium channel blocker with anticonvulsant and mood-stabilizing effects that is related to oxcarbazepine.

Norpethidine (normeperidine, pethidine intermediate B) is a 4-phenylpiperidine derivative that is both a metabolite of and a precursor to pethidine (meperidine).

Seproxetine, also known as (S)-norfluoxetine, is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI).

Cocaethylene (ethylbenzoylecgonine) is the ethyl ester of benzoylecgonine.

Tryptophol is an aromatic alcohol that induces sleep in humans.

Dehydronorketamine (DHNK), or 5,6-dehydronorketamine, is a minor metabolite of ketamine which is formed by dehydrogenation of its metabolite norketamine.

Modafinil sulfone (code name CRL-41056) is an achiral, oxidized metabolite of modafinil, a wakefulness-promoting agent.

Phenylethylmalonamide (PEMA) is an active metabolite of the anticonvulsant drug primidone, although it is produced in a much lower concentration than phenobarbital, the other active metabolite.

Modafinil acid (code name CRL-40467), also known as modafinilic acid or modafinil carboxylate, is the major metabolite of modafinil, and one of the two major metabolites of modafinil – the other being modafinil sulfone.

Desvenlafaxine (brand name: Pristiq, Desfax), also known as O-desmethylvenlafaxine, is an antidepressant of the serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) class developed and marketed by Wyeth (now part of Pfizer).

NAPQI (N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine) is a toxic byproduct produced during the xenobiotic metabolism of the analgesic paracetamol (acetaminophen).

Naloxol is an opioid antagonist closely related to naloxone.

Didesmethylcitalopram is an active metabolite of the antidepressant drug citalopram (racemic).

AM404, also known as N-arachidonoylaminophenol, is an active metabolite of paracetamol (acetaminophen), responsible for all or part of its analgesic action.

Desmethylsertraline (DMS), also known as norsertraline, is an active metabolite of the antidepressant drug sertraline.

Desmethylcitalopram is an active metabolite of the antidepressant drugs citalopram (racemic) and escitalopram (the S-enantiomer, which would be called desmethylescitalopram).

N-Desmethylclozapine (NDMC), or norclozapine, is a major active metabolite of the atypical antipsychotic drug clozapine.