Flashcards: Histology

The pancreatic islets or islets of Langerhans are the regions of the pancreas that contain its endocrine (i.e., hormone-producing) cells, discovered in 1869 by German pathological anatomist Paul Langerhans.

The perisinusoidal space (or space of Disse) is a location in the liver between a hepatocyte and a sinusoid.

The corpus albicans (Latin for "whitening body"; also known as atretic corpus luteum, corpus candicans, or simply as albicans) is the regressed form of the corpus luteum.

A band cell (also called band neutrophil or stab cell) is a cell undergoing granulopoiesis, derived from a metamyelocyte, and leading to a mature granulocyte.

Carcinoma in situ (CIS), also known as in situ neoplasm, is a group of abnormal cells.

The pigmented layer of retina or retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is the pigmented cell layer just outside the neurosensory retina that nourishes retinal visual cells, and is firmly attached to the underlying choroid and overlying retinal visual cells.

Basophilia is a condition where the basophil quantity is abnormally elevated (more than 1010 basophils per liter of blood).

In animal tissue, stroma (from Greek στρῶμα, meaning “layer, bed, bed covering”) is the part of a tissue or organ that has a connective and structural role.

Cancellous bone, synonymous with trabecular bone or spongy bone, is one of two types of bone tissue that form bones.

An axon (from Greek ἄξων áxōn, axis), is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, that typically conducts electrical impulses away from the neuron's cell body.

In the human skin, the dermal papillae (DP) (singular papilla, diminutive of Latin papula, 'pimple') are small, nipple-like extensions (or interdigitations) of the dermis into the epidermis.

There are many different types of cell in the human body.

Epsilon cells (ε-cells) are endocrine cells found in the Islets of Langerhans and produce the hormone ghrelin.

Chondroblasts, or perichondrial cells, is the name given to mesenchymal progenitor cells in situ which, from endochondral ossification, will form chondrocytes in the growing cartilage matrix.

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a highly selective permeability barrier that separates the circulating blood from the brain extracellular fluid in the central nervous system (CNS).

Cortical bone, synonymous with compact bone, is one of the two types of osseous tissue that form bones.

In immunology, the mononuclear phagocyte system or mononuclear phagocytic system (MPS) (also known as the reticuloendothelial system or macrophage system) is a part of the immune system that consists of the phagocytic cells located in reticular connective tissue.

A nerve is an enclosed, cable-like bundle of axons (nerve fibers, the long and slender projections of neurons) in the peripheral nervous system.

Cardiac muscle (heart muscle) is an involuntary, striated muscle that is found in the walls and histological foundation of the heart, specifically the myocardium.

A syncytium or symplasm (/sɪnˈsaɪtiəm/; plural syncytia; from Greek: σύν (syn) = "together" + κύτος (kytos) = "box, i.e. cell") is a multinucleated cell that can result from multiple cell fusions of uninuclear cells (i.e., cells with a single nucleus), in contrast to a coenocyte, which can result from multiple nuclear divisions without accompanying cytokinesis.

A microtome (from the Greek mikros, meaning "small", and temnein, meaning "to cut") is a tool used to cut extremely thin slices of material, known as sections.

The basement membrane is a thin, fibrous, extracellular matrix of tissue that separates the epithelium (skin, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, etc.), mesothelium (pleural cavity, peritoneal cavity, pericardial cavity, etc.) and endothelium (blood vessels, lymph vessels, etc.) from underlying connective tissue.

A metamyelocyte is a cell undergoing granulopoiesis, derived from a myelocyte, and leading to a band cell.

Methylene blue (CI 52015), also known as methylthioninium chloride, has many uses in biology and chemistry; for example, it can be used as a stain and as a medication.

The perichondrium (from Greek περί (peri 'around') and χόνδρος (chondros 'cartilage')) is a layer of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the cartilage of developing bone.

The corpus luteum (Latin for "yellow body"; plural corpora lutea) is a temporary endocrine structure in female ovaries that is involved in the production of relatively high levels of progesterone and moderate levels of estradiol and inhibin A.

Bandemia refers to an excess of band cells (immature white blood cells) released by the bone marrow into the blood.

The periportal space, or periportal space of Mall, is a space between the stroma of the portal canal and the outermost hepatocytes in the hepatic lobule, and is thought to be one of the sites where lymph originates in the liver.

A somatomammotroph or somatomammotrophic cell, also known as a somatolactotroph or somatolactotrophic cell, is a type of cell of the anterior pituitary gland that produces both somatotropin (growth hormone) and prolactin.

The allocortex (also known as heterogenetic cortex) is one of the two types of cerebral cortex, the other being the neocortex.

Pleomorphism is a term used in histology and cytopathology to describe variability in the size, shape and staining of cells and/or their nuclei.

In the anterior pituitary, the term "acidophil" is used to describe two different types of cells: * somatotrophs, which generate somatotropin (also known as growth hormone) * mammotrophs, which generate prolactin When using standard staining techniques, they cannot be distinguished from each other (though they can be distinguished from basophils and chromophobes), and are therefore identified simply as "acidophils".

Methylene green is a heterocyclic aromatic chemical compound similar to methylene blue.

Biotechnic & Histochemistry is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that covers all aspects of histochemistry and microtechnic in the biological sciences from botany to cell biology to medicine.

A glomus cell (type I) is a peripheral chemoreceptor, mainly located in the carotid bodies and aortic bodies, that helps the body regulate breathing.

The lamina propria is a constituent of the moist linings known as mucous membranes or mucosa, which line various tubes in the body (such as the respiratory tract, the gastrointestinal tract, and the urogenital tract).

Harold M. Frost (1921 – 19 June 2004) was an US-American orthopedist and surgeon considered to be one of the most important researchers and theorists in the field of bone biology and bone medicine of his time.

Netter's Essential Histology is a textbook/atlas of human histology authored by William K.

p-Dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde (DMACA) is an aromatic hydrocarbon.

The basal lamina is a layer of extracellular matrix secreted by the epithelial cells, on which the epithelium sits.

An anterior pituitary basophil is a type of cell in the anterior pituitary which manufactures hormones.

Bone canaliculi are microscopic canals between the lacunae of ossified bone.

Magnocellular cells, also called M-cells or magnocellular retinal cells, are neurons located within the magnocellular layer of the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus.

New methylene blue (also NMB) is an organic compound of the thiazine class of heterocycles.

Herring bodies or neurosecretory bodies are structures found in the posterior pituitary.

Biocytin is a chemical compound that is an amide formed from the vitamin biotin and the amino acid L-lysine.

The costamere is a structural-functional component of striated muscle cells which connects the sarcomere of the muscle to the cell membrane.

Stereocilia (or stereovilli) are non-motile apical modifications of the cell, which are distinct from cilia and microvilli, but closely related to the latter.

Tissue culture is the growth of tissues or cells separate from the organism.

Trichrome, meaning "three colour" was used as the name of a staining method (Mallory's trichrome) which differentially coloured erythrocytes orange, muscle red and collagen blue.

Arthur Worth Ham (20 February 1902 – 6 September 1992) was a prominent Canadian histologist.

The annulus of Zinn, also known as the annular tendon or common tendinous ring, is a ring of fibrous tissue surrounding the optic nerve at its entrance at the apex of the orbit.