Flashcards: Glycolysis

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, also known as triose phosphate or 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde and abbreviated as G3P, GA3P, GADP, GAP, TP, GALP or PGAL, is a chemical compound that occurs as an intermediate in several central metabolic pathways of all organisms.

Pyruvic acid (CH3COCOOH) is the simplest of the alpha-keto acids, with a carboxylic acid and a ketone functional group.

1,3-Bisphosphoglyceric acid (1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate or 1,3BPG) is a 3-carbon organic molecule present in most, if not all, living organisms.

Lactic acid is an organic compound with the formula CH3CH(OH)CO2H.

Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+.

Glucokinase (EC 2.7.1.2) is an enzyme that facilitates phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate.

Enolase, also known as phosphopyruvate hydratase, is a metalloenzyme responsible for the catalysis of the conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate (2-PG) to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), the ninth and penultimate step of glycolysis.

Glucose 6-phosphate (also known as Robison ester) is glucose sugar phosphorylated on carbon 6.

D-lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.28, lactic acid dehydrogenase, lactic acid dehydrogenase, D-specific lactic dehydrogenase, D-(-)-lactate dehydrogenase (NAD+), D-lactic acid dehydrogenase, D-lactic dehydrogenase) is an enzyme with systematic name (R)-lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase.

Fructose 6-phosphate (also known as the Neuberg ester) is fructose sugar phosphorylated on carbon 6 (i.e., is a fructosephosphate).

Complex I (EC 1.6.5.3) (also referred to as NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase or, especially in the context of the human protein, NADH dehydrogenase is an enzyme of the respiratory chains of myriad organisms from bacteria to humans that falls under the H+ or Na+-translocating NADH Dehydrogenase (NDH) Family (TC# 3.D.1), a member of the Na+ transporting Mrp superfamily. It catalyzes the transfer of electrons from NADH to coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and, in eukaryotes, it is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductases type I of bacteria and of eukaryotic mitochondria and chloroplasts couple electron transfer to the electrogenic transport of protons or Na+. It is one of the "entry enzymes" of cellular respiration or oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria. The Com

Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, also known as Harden-Young ester, is fructose sugar phosphorylated on carbons 1 and 6 (i.e., is a fructosephosphate).

Dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP, also glycerone phosphate in older texts) is a biochemical compound involved in many metabolic pathways, including the Calvin cycle in plants and glycolysis.

Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate abbreviated Fru-2,6-P2, is a metabolite that allosterically affects the activity of the enzymes phosphofructokinase 1 (PFK-1) and fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase-1) to regulate glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.

Glucose 1-phosphate (also called cori ester) is a glucose molecule with a phosphate group on the 1'-carbon.

2-Phosphoglyceric acid (2PG), or 2-phosphoglycerate, is a glyceric acid which serves as the substrate in the ninth step of glycolysis.

3-Phosphoglyceric acid (3PG), or glycerate 3-phosphate (GP), is a biochemically significant 3-carbon molecule that is a metabolic intermediate in both glycolysis and the Calvin cycle.

Phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1) is one of the most important regulatory enzymes (EC 2.7.1.11) of glycolysis.

Coenzyme Q10, also known as ubiquinone, ubidecarenone, coenzyme Q, and abbreviated at times to CoQ10 /ˌkoʊ ˌkjuː ˈtɛn/, CoQ, or Q10 is a coenzyme that is ubiquitous in the bodies of most animals.

Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (also pyruvate dehydrogenase complex kinase, PDC kinase, or PDK; EC 2.7.11.2) is a kinase enzyme which acts to inactivate the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase by phosphorylating it using ATP.

Phosphoenolpyruvic acid (PEP), or phosphoenolpyruvate (2-phosphoenolpyruvate) as the anion, is an important chemical compound in biochemistry.

Phosphofructokinase 2 (PFK2) or fructose bisphosphatase 2 (FBPase2), is an enzyme responsible for regulating the rates of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis in the human body.