Flashcards: Glycine receptor antagonists

Flunitrazepam, also known as Rohypnol among others, is an intermediate acting benzodiazepine used in some countries to treat severe insomnia and in fewer, early in anesthesia.

Thebaine (paramorphine), also known as codeine methyl enol ether, is an opiate alkaloid, its name coming from the Greek Θῆβαι, Thēbai (Thebes), an ancient city in Upper Egypt.

Oripavine is an opiate and the major metabolite of thebaine.

Benzodiazepines (BZD, BZs), sometimes called "benzos", are a class of psychoactive drugs whose core chemical structure is the fusion of a benzene ring and a diazepine ring.

Dextromethorphan (DXM or DM) is a drug of the morphinan class with sedative, dissociative, and stimulant properties (at higher doses).

Morphine is a pain medication of the opiate type which is found naturally in a number of plants and animals.

Furosemide, sold under the brand name Lasix among others, is a medication used to treat fluid build-up due to heart failure, liver scarring, or kidney disease.

Imipramine, sold as Tofranil and also known as melipramine, is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) of the dibenzazepine group.

Nifedipine, sold under the brand names Adalat among others, is a medication used to manage angina, high blood pressure, Raynaud's phenomenon, and premature labor.

Anandamide, also known as N-arachidonoylethanolamine or AEA, is a fatty acid neurotransmitter derived from the non-oxidative metabolism of eicosatetraenoic acid (arachidonic acid) an essential ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid.

Bromazepam (marketed under several brand names, including Lectopam, Lexotan, Lexilium, Lexaurin, Brazepam, Rekotnil, Bromaze, Somalium and Lexotanil) is a benzodiazepine derivative drug, patented by Roche in 1963 and developed clinically in the 1970s.

Dextrorphan (DXO) is a psychoactive drug of the morphinan chemical class which acts as an antitussive or cough suppressant and dissociative hallucinogen.

Levomethorphan (INN, BAN) is an opioid analgesic of the morphinan family that has never been marketed.

Clonazepam, sold under the brand name Klonopin among others, is a medication used to prevent and treat seizures, panic disorder, and for the movement disorder known as akathisia.

Codeine is an opiate used to treat pain, as a cough medicine, and for diarrhea.

Diazepam, first marketed as Valium, is a medication of the benzodiazepine family that typically produces a calming effect.

Pethidine, also known as meperidine and Demerol, is a synthetic opioid pain medication of the phenylpiperidine class.

Progesterone (P4) is an endogenous steroid and progestogen sex hormone involved in the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and embryogenesis of humans and other species.

Strychnine (/ˈstrɪkniːn/; also US /ˈstrɪknaɪn/ or /ˈstrɪknɪn/) is a highly toxic, colorless, bitter crystalline alkaloid used as a pesticide, particularly for killing small vertebrates such as birds and rodents.

Verapamil (sold under ) is a calcium channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, and most recently, cluster headaches.

11-Deoxycorticosterone (DOC), or simply deoxycorticosterone, also known as 21-hydroxyprogesterone, as well as desoxycortone (INN), deoxycortone (BAN), and cortexone, is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal gland that possesses mineralocorticoid activity and acts as a precursor to aldosterone.

Colchicine is a medication most commonly used to treat gout.

Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate or DHEA-S is a metabolite of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA).

Morphine-3-glucuronide is a metabolite of morphine produced by UGT2B7.

Gaboxadol, also known as 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo(5,4-c)pyridin-3-ol (THIP), is a conformationally constrained derivative of the alkaloid muscimol that was first synthesized in 1977 by the Danish chemist Povl Krogsgaard-Larsen.

Brucine, an alkaloid closely related to strychnine, is most commonly found in the "Strychnos nux-vomica" tree.

Genistein is an angiogenesis inhibitor and a phytoestrogen and belongs to the category of isoflavones.

Levorphanol /lɛvaʊrfɑːnɒl/ (brand name Levo-Dromoran) is an opioid medication used to treat moderate to severe pain.

Tropisetron (INN) is a serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist used mainly as an antiemetic to treat nausea and vomiting following chemotherapy, although it has been used experimentally as an analgesic in cases of fibromyalgia.

Racemorphan, or morphanol, is the racemic mixture of the two stereoisomers of 17-methylmorphinan-3-ol, each with differing pharmacology and effects: * Dextrorphan - an antitussive and dissociative hallucinogen (NMDA receptor antagonist) * Levorphanol - an opioid analgesic

Daidzein structurally belongs to the group of isoflavones.

Nitrendipine is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker.

NBQX (2,3-dihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulfamoyl-benzo[f]quinoxaline-2,3-dione) is an AMPA receptor antagonist.

Pitrazepin is a competitive GABAA and glycine receptor antagonist.

Dendrobine is an antipyretic plant alkaloid isolated from Dendrobium nobile.

Flurazepam (marketed under the brand names Dalmane and Dalmadorm) is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative.

Isobutyric acid, also known as 2-methylpropanoic acid, is a carboxylic acid with structural formula (CH3)2-CH-COOH.

Bilobalide is a biologically active terpenic trilactone present in Ginkgo biloba.

Amiloride, trade name Midamor, is a potassium-sparing diuretic first approved for use in 1967 (then known as MK-870).

Picrotoxin, also known as cocculin, is a poisonous crystalline plant compound, first isolated by the French pharmacist and chemist Pierre François Guillaume Boullay (1777–1869) in 1812.

Nicardipine hydrochloride (Cardene) is a medication used to treat high blood pressure and angina.

Cacotheline is an organic compound with the chemical formula C21H21N3O7.

Sinomenine or cocculine is an alkaloid found in the root of the climbing plant Sinomenium acutum which is native to Japan and China.

Laudanosine or N-methyltetrahydropapaverine is a recognized metabolite of atracurium and cisatracurium.

Gelsemine (C20H22N2O2) is an alkaloid that comes from the flowering plant, Gelsemium sempervirens, and is a highly toxic compound that acts as a paralytic and often results in death.

Desmethylflunitrazepam (also known as norflunitrazepam, Ro05-4435 and fonazepam) is a benzodiazepine that is a metabolite of flunitrazepam and has been sold online as a designer drug.

Tutin is a poisonous plant derivative found in the New Zealand tutu plant (Coriaria arborea, Coriaria genus, several different species).

Pregnenolone sulfate (3β-hydroxypregn-5-en-20-one sulfate; abbreviated as PS) is an endogenous excitatory neurosteroid that is synthesized from pregnenolone.

Bemesetron (MDL-72222) is a drug which acts as an antagonist at the 5HT3 receptor.

Zatosetron (LY-277,359) is a drug which acts as an antagonist at the 5HT3 receptor It is orally active and has a long duration of action, producing antinauseant effects but without stimulating the rate of gastrointestinal transport.

Riluzole (Rilutek, Teglutik) is a drug used to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) is an endocannabinoid, an endogenous agonist of the CB1 receptor.

Levomethadone (INN; L-Polamidon, L-Polamivet, Levadone, Levothyl), or levamethadone, is a synthetic opioid analgesic and antitussive which is marketed in Europe and is used for pain management and in opioid maintenance therapy.

Nifoxipam (3-hydroxydesmethylflunitrazepam, DP 370) is a benzodiazepine that is a minor metabolite of flunitrazepam and has been sold online as a designer drug.

Bicuculline is a phthalide-isoquinoline compound that is a light-sensitive competitive antagonist of GABAA receptors.

Pregnanolone, also known as eltanolone (INN), as well as 3α,5β-tetrahydroprogesterone (3α,5β-THP) or 3α-hydroxy-5β-pregnan-20-one, is an endogenous neurosteroid that is biosynthesized from progesterone.

Thiocolchicoside (Muscoril, Myoril, Neoflax) is a muscle relaxant with anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.

Isonipecotic acid is a heterocyclic compound which acts as a GABAA receptor partial agonist.

Nipecotic acid is a GABA reuptake inhibitor used in scientific research.