Corrasion is a geomorphological term for the process of mechanical erosion of the earth's surface caused when materials are transported across it by running water, waves, glaciers, wind or gravitational movement downslope.
Aeolian processes
Aeolian processes, also spelled eolian or æolian, pertain to wind activity in the study of geology and weather and specifically to the wind's ability to shape the surface of the Earth (or other planets).
Metamorphism
Metamorphism is the change of minerals or geologic texture (distinct arrangement of minerals) in pre-existing rocks (protoliths), without the protolith melting into liquid magma (a solid-state change).
Mountain formation
Mountain formation refers to the geological processes that underlie the formation of mountains.
Mid-ocean ridge
A mid-ocean ridge is an underwater mountain system formed by plate tectonics.
Diagenesis
Diagenesis (pronunciation: /ˌdaɪəˈdʒɛnəsɪs/) is the change of sediments or existing sedimentary rocks into a different sedimentary rock during and after rock formation (lithification), at temperatures and pressures less than that required for the formation of metamorphic rocks.
Vaalbara
Vaalbara was an Archean supercontinent that consisted of the Kaapvaal craton, today located in eastern South Africa, and the Pilbara craton, today found in north-western Western Australia.
Karst
Karst topography is a landscape formed from the dissolution of soluble rocks such as limestone, dolomite, and gypsum.
Mudflow
A mudflow or mud flow is a form of mass wasting involving "very rapid to extremely rapid surging flow" of debris that has become partially or fully liquified by the addition of significant amounts of water to the source material.
Fold (geology)
A geological fold occurs when one or a stack of originally flat and planar surfaces, such as sedimentary strata, are bent or curved as a result of permanent deformation.
Hydrothermal vent
A hydrothermal vent is a fissure in a planet's surface from which geothermally heated water issues.
Alluvial fan
An alluvial fan is a fan- or cone-shaped deposit of sediment crossed and built up by streams.
Ore genesis
Various theories of ore genesis explain how the various types of mineral deposits form within the Earth's crust.