Flashcards: Genetic engineering

Gene therapy is the therapeutic delivery of nucleic acid polymers into a patient's cells as a drug to treat disease.

Genetically modified food controversies are disputes over the use of foods and other goods derived from genetically modified crops instead of conventional crops, and other uses of genetic engineering in food production.

A plasmid is a small DNA molecule within a cell that is physically separated from a chromosomal DNA and can replicate independently.

A restriction enzyme or restriction endonuclease is an enzyme that cuts DNA at or near specific recognition nucleotide sequences known as restriction sites.

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR, pronounced crisper) are segments of prokaryotic DNA containing short repetitions of base sequences.

(For related content, see Genetic engineering, Genetically modified organism, Genetically modified crops, Genetically modified food controversies, and Regulation of the release of genetically modified organisms.) Genetically modified foods or GM foods, also genetically engineered foods, are foods produced from organisms that have had changes introduced into their DNA using the methods of genetic engineering.

Synthetic Genomics Inc.

Induced pluripotent stem cells (also known as iPS cells or iPSCs) are a type of pluripotent stem cell that can be generated directly from adult cells.

Biosafety is the prevention of large-scale loss of biological integrity, focusing both on ecology and human health.

The regulation of genetic engineering begins before the experiment has started with approval processes, through to protocols that must be followed in the laboratory and finally the conditions under which the resultant product may be released.

Genetic engineering techniques enable modification of the DNA of living organisms.

The Valencia Team that participates in the International Genetically Engineered Machine (iGEM) competition (a worldwide synthetic biology contest) was firstly created in 2008 and integrated by undergraduate university students from the University of Valencia and the Polytechnic University of Valencia

A hypervariable region (HVR) is a location within nuclear DNA or the D-loop of mitochondrial DNA in which base pairs of nucleotides repeat (in the case of nuclear DNA) or have substitutions (in the case of mitochondrial DNA).

Benitec Biopharma Ltd ASX: BLT is an Australian biotechnology company founded in 1997.

Blasticidin S is an antibiotic that is produced by Streptomyces griseochromogenes.

The Institute of Animal Biotechnoloogy is independent entity of the Faculty of Agricultural Science and Food in Skopje, and has educational and research role.

Scientists Under Attack: Genetic Engineering in the Magnetic Field of Money (original title: "Gekaufte Wahrheit – Gentechnik im Magnetfeld des Geldes") is a 2010 German documentary by Bertram Verhaag.

The term human–animal hybrid or animal–human hybrid refers to an entity that incorporates elements from both humans and non-human animals.

Genetically modified crops (GMCs, GM crops, or biotech crops) are plants used in agriculture, the DNA of which has been modified using genetic engineering techniques.

Vaccinia virus (VACV or VV) is a large, complex, enveloped virus belonging to the poxvirus family.

A designer baby is a baby that is the result of genetic screening or genetic modification.

The International Genetically Engineered Machine (iGEM) competition is a worldwide synthetic biology competition that was initially aimed at undergraduate university students, but has since expanded to include divisions for high school students, entrepreneurs, and community laboratories, as well as 'overgraduates'.

Genetic erosion is a process whereby an already limited gene pool of an endangered species of plant or animal diminishes even more when individuals from the surviving population die off without getting a chance to meet and breed with others in their endangered low population.