Flashcards: Gastroenterology

Caroli disease is a rare inherited disorder characterized by dilation of the intrahepatic bile ducts.

Gastric hydrogen potassium ATPase, also known as H+/K+ ATPase, is an enzyme which functions to acidify the stomach.

Chilaiditi syndrome is a rare condition when pain occurs due to transposition of a loop of large intestine (usually transverse colon) in between the diaphragm and the liver, visible on plain abdominal X-ray or chest X-ray.

A bezoar /ˈbiːzɔər/ is a mass found trapped in the gastrointestinal system, though it can occur in other locations.

In medicine, a dolichocolon (word derived from ancient Greek dolichos, the long distance in running, and colon) is an abnormally long large intestine.

Constipation refers to bowel movements that are infrequent or hard to pass.

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), also known as Armenian disease, is a hereditary inflammatory disorder.

Lactulose is a non-absorbable sugar used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy.

Marasmus is a form of severe malnutrition characterized by energy deficiency.

A polyp is an abnormal growth of tissue projecting from a mucous membrane.

Mesalazine (INN, BAN), also known as mesalamine (USAN) or 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), is an aminosalicylate anti-inflammatory drug used to treat inflammatory bowel disease, including ulcerative colitis, inflamed anus or rectum, and to maintain remission in Crohn's disease.

In anatomy, a natural stoma is any opening in the body, such as the mouth.

A foreign body or sometimes known as FB (Latin: corpus alienum) is any object originating outside the body.

Megacolon is an abnormal dilation of the colon (also called the large intestine).

A sentinel loop is a sign seen on a radiograph that indicates localized ileus from nearby inflammation.

Enema (plural enemata or enemas) or clyster, is a fluid injected into the lower bowel by way of the rectum.

Laxatives (purgatives, aperients) are substances that loosen stools and increase bowel movements.

Paneth cells, along with goblet cells, enterocytes, and enteroendocrine cells, represent the principal cell types of the epithelium of the small intestine.

Alagille syndrome is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder that affects the liver, heart, kidney, and other systems of the body.

Gastroenterology (MeSH heading) is the branch of medicine focused on the digestive system and its disorders.

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are a group of drugs whose main action is a pronounced and long-lasting reduction of gastric acid production.

Whipple's disease is a rare, systemic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Tropheryma whipplei.

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is the occurrence of confusion, altered level of consciousness, and coma as a result of liver failure.

Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), also known as the glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, is an inhibiting hormone of the secretin family of hormones.

Rotavirus enteritis is the most common cause of severe diarrhoea among infants and young children.

Achlorhydria /eɪklɔərˈhaɪdriə/ or hypochlorhydria refers to states where the production of hydrochloric acid in gastric secretions of the stomach and other digestive organs is absent or low, respectively.

Esophageal atresia (or Oesophageal atresia) is a congenital medical condition (birth defect) which affects the alimentary tract.

An anal plug is a medical device sometimes used to treat fecal incontinence by blocking involuntary loss of fecal material.

Misoprostol, sold under the brandname Cytotec among others, is a medication used to start labor, cause an abortion, prevent and treat stomach ulcers, and treat postpartum bleeding due to poor contraction of the uterus.

SeHCAT (23-seleno-25-homotaurocholic acid, selenium homocholic acid taurine, or tauroselcholic acid) is a drug used in a clinical test to diagnose bile acid malabsorption.

Rotavirus vaccine is a vaccine used to protect against rotavirus infections.

Olsalazine is an anti-inflammatory drug used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease such as ulcerative colitis.

Pancreatic elastase is a form of elastase that is produced in the acinar cells of the pancreas, initially produced as an inactive zymogen and later activated in the duodenum by trypsin.

A fecal impaction is a solid, immobile bulk of human feces that can develop in the rectum as a result of chronic constipation.

Pseudopolyps are projecting masses of scar tissue that develop from granulation tissue during the healing phase in repeated cycle of ulceration (especially in inflammatory bowel disease).

Balsalazide is an anti-inflammatory drug used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.

In fecal incontinence (FI), surgery may be carried out if conservative measures alone are not sufficient to control symptoms.