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Flashcards: Fundamentals of Chemistry
Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space
Atom
Small particles that make up the building blocks of matter
Nucleus
Center of an atom
Proton
positively charged particle
Neutron
A subatomic particle that has no charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom
Electron
A tiny, negatively charged particle that moves around the nucleus of an atom.
Substance
Matter with a composition that is always the same
Element
A pure substance made of only one kind of atom
Mixture
A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined
Homogeneous Mixture
A mixture which has uniform composition and properties throughout.
Heterogeneous Mixture
A mixture in which substances are not evenly mixed
Compound
A substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds
Solvent
A liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances
Solute
A substance that is dissolved in a solution.
Dissolve
to mix completely with another substance to form a solution
Physical property
a characteristic of matter that you can observe or measure without changing the identity of the matter
Mass
the amount of matter in an object
Volume
The amount of space an object takes up
Melting Point
The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid.
Boiling Point
The temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas
Conductivity
The ability of an object to transfer heat or electricity to another object.
Solubility
A measure of how much solute can dissolve in a given solvent at a given temperature.
Density
Mass per unit volume
Electrical conductivity
The ability of an object to transfer electric current
Thermal conductivity
ability of a material to conduct thermal energy
Chemical change
A change in matter that produces one or more new substances
Physical change
A change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance
What is the density of soap with a mass of 5.3g and a volume of 5ml?
1.06g/ml
What is the density of soap with a mass of 5.3g and a volume of 5.1ml?
1.03g/ml
What is the density of soap with a mass of 5.4g and a volume of 5.1ml?
1.06g/ml
What is the volume of soap with a mass of 5.4g and a density of 1.06g/ml?
5.1ml
What is the mass of soap with a volume of 5.1ml and a density of 1.06g/ml?
5.4g
What is the density of soap with a mass of 5.5g and a volume of 4.9ml?
1.12g/ml
Products
The elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction.
Reactants
A starting material in a chemical reaction
Arrow
Chemical reaction
Electron Cloud
a region around the nucleus of an atom where electrons are likely to be found
Democritus
Greek philosopher that said all matter is made of tiny particles called "atomos" or atoms
Aristotle
Greek philosopher who states all things were made of the elements Earth, Wind, Water and Fire
Ernest Rutherford
discovered the nucleus
Niels Bohr
1913- discovered that electrons move around the nucleus in orbits called electron shells.
J.J. Thomson
discovered the electron