Why does cerebral palsy occur?How is it manifested?How do professionals categorize it?
It can occur: -parentally by rubella, mumps, etc.-perinatally by a difficult birth.-postnatally by anoxia, accidents or diseasesIt's manifested as hemiplegia, paraplegia (legs, lower trunk), monoplegia, diplegia and quadriplegiaIt is categorized as:ataxic CP: disturbed balance and uncoordinatedathetoid CP: slow and involuntaryspastic CP: spasticity and stiff (most common)
What language disorders are associated with CP?
Depends on what they have:Could be hearing loss or ID.Some children have typical language.Dysarthria is common
What are some language deficits associated with ASD?
Lack of response to speechSlower acquisitionEcholaliaPerseverationFaster learning of concrete wordsDeficits in comprehension and figurative languageLack of generalizationPronoun reversalOmission of grammatical featuresDifficulty with joint attentionSocial communication problems
What are some language deficits seen in children with TBI?
ComprehensionWord retrievalSyntactic problemsPoor academic problems (reading)Turn taking and topic maintenanceDifficulty with attention/focusMemory problemsLack of self awarenessReduced processing speechReasoning
Discuss late talkers
Significant expressive language delay seen around 24-30 monthsThey are less vocal, have smaller consonant/vowel inventories, delays in morphosyntactic development, smaller vocabularyThey should receive monitoring
What are fetal alcohol effects and what are some associated language deficits?
fetal alcohol effects occurs when there is drinking during pregnancy but not enough to be FASD. May be problems in motor, neurological, behavioral, affective, social attachment, cognitive skills and language learning
What are some language disorders associated with ADHD?
Difficulty with social interaction skills, like expressive language, not following instructions, turn taking and interrupting and story telling.
What is a discrete trial procedure?
Useful in the initial stages of treatment for teaching a skill. Show the stimulus, ask a question, give the correct response, reinforce child for correct imitation, record, go again.
What is expansion?
Expanding on the child's utterance.
What is extension?
Adding more information to what the child said.
What is focused stimulation?
Provide stimulus over and over.
What is parallel talk?
Say what the child is doing.
What is milieu teaching?
Uses approaches in natural settings. Incidental teaching is where the adult waits for a child to initiate a response.
What are joint routines?
Routinized, repetitive activities used to stimulate language
How do you teach literacy skills?
Include more exposure to literacy related materials. Target morphological awareness and phonological awareness
What are some gestural unaided AACs?
Pantomime: gestures to express messageEye-blinkASLLimited manual sign: limited gestures and signs
What are some gestural assisted/aided AACs?
Picsysms: graphic symbolsPic symbols: white drawings on black backgroundBlissymbols: semi-iconic and abstractSig symbols: based off ASLRebuses: pictures with wordsPremack Type Symbols: plastic shapes associated with wordsPECS
What is SCERTS?
Transactional supports to aid social communication and emotional regulation.
What is the structural theory of articulation development?
There is an innate, hierachrical order of acquisiton
Generally, how does speech sound acquisition look?
Vowels firstNasals are usually first consonantsStops before glidesFricatives and liquidsAffricates and clusters latest
What is McDonalds Sensorimotor Approach to SSD?
It's a bottom up approach. Emphasizes phonetic environment. Begin at syllable level.Begin with nonerror soundsFind a context where misarticulated sound is correct and practicePractice in different contextsGeneralize
What is Van Ripers Traditional Approach to SSD?
It's a bottom up drillIt focuses on auditory discrimination/perceptual training, phonetic placement, drills and practice.For drilling: start in isolation -> syllables -> words -> phrases -> sentences -> reading -> conversatio
What is the Distinctive Features Approach to SSD?
You find a common distinctive features among sound errors (all sounds have stridency sub), so you work on/f/ (for example) and hope it transfers to other sounds
What are some organically based disorders that could affect articulation?
ankyloglossia (tongue tie)dental deviations (class 1 is when some teeth are misaligned. class 2 is overbite. class 3 is underbite)orofacial myofunctional disorders (e.g. tongue thrust)
Developmental approach vs complexity approach with SSD
teach sounds developmentally vs teach later developing sounds and the others will come
What is the contrast approach for SSD?
clinician uses minimal pairs to show that there are semantic and motoric differences.
What phonological processes are gone by age 3? persist?
By age three:-reduplication-weak syllable deletion-prevocalic voicing-velar fronting-FCDPersist:-final consonant-devoicing-CCR-stopping-epenthesis-gliding-depalatization