Flashcards: exercise physiology long term adaptations

what are the long term adaptations to heart rate at rest after consistent aerobic endurance training for 4 months

there are no changes to the _____ _____ _____ as it is dependent on ____, but ________ _______ decreases during ______

this change occurs because a increase in ________, or the amount of stretch on the ventricles after the end of diastole, causing ____________ _______________ on the ______ ventricle and a __________ in sympathetic activity and _________ in parasympathetic activity known as ____________ ________ _______________

what are the long term adaptations to heart rate during exercise after consistent aerobic endurance training for 4 months

there are no changes to the _____ _____ _____ as it is dependent on ____, but ________ _______ decreases during ______ ____________

this change occurs because a increase in ________, or the amount of stretch on the ventricles after the end of diastole, causing ____________ _______________ on the ______ ventricle and a __________ in sympathetic activity and _________ in parasympathetic activity known as ____________ ________ _______________

what are the long term adaptations to stroke volume at rest after consistent aerobic endurance training for 4 months

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stroke volume increases during _______

consistent aerobic training or an increase in _________ _________ leads to an increase in the ________ _________ from an increase in ______ ventricular wall thickness through constantly inducing the ________ ___________ ____________ or an ____________ lengthening of the left ventricle and increase in elastic ________ for stronger ___________ejection

what are the long term adaptations to stroke volume during exercise after consistent aerobic endurance training for 4 months

stroke volume increases during ___________, and __________ exercise

consistent aerobic training or an increase in _________ _________ leads to an increase in the ________ _________ from an increase in ______ ventricular wall thickness through constantly inducing the ________ ___________ ____________ or an ____________ lengthening of the left ventricle and increase in elastic ________ for stronger ___________ejection

what are the long term adaptations to cardiac output at rest after consistent aerobic endurance training for 4 months

Cardiac output at ______ remains ____________ (or may decrease slightly) after endurance training

this is because _________ ___________ increases with training, but _______ ________ generally decreases at rest and during exercise at a given absolute intensity.

what are the long term adaptations to cardiac output during exercise after consistent aerobic endurance training for 4 months

Cardiac output at _______________ levels of exercise remains __________ (or may decrease slightly) after endurance training

this is because _________ ___________ increases with training, but _______ ________ generally decreases at rest and during exercise at a given absolute intensity

at max exercise, cardiac output ___________ because ______ ______ ______ does not change with fitness, but ________ _________ continues to increase

what are the long term adaptations to blood pressure at rest after consistent aerobic endurance training for 4 months

_________ and _________ blood pressure ___________ at rest

this is because of a decrease in ____________ ___________ ________ activity leading to a decrease in _______ __________ ___________

what are the long term adaptations to blood pressure during exercise after consistent aerobic endurance training for 4 months

during max exercise, _________ _________ __________ decreases and _______ _______ _________ increases

this is because of a decrease in ___________ ____________ __________ activity leading to a decrease in _________ __________ ___________

what are the long term adaptations to blood distribution at rest after consistent aerobic endurance training for 4 months

Blood flow to active muscles is __________ by endurance training

This is due to four factors

1. Increased __________________ of trained _____ _ fibers known as __________ __________ for greater cross-sectional area for ___ ___________

2. Greater opening of existing capillaries known as ___________ __________

3. More effective blood flow distribution as ____________ and ____________ become more effective

4. Increased ________ _________

what are the long term adaptations to blood distribution during exercise after consistent aerobic endurance training for 4 months

Blood flow to active muscles is __________ by endurance training

This is due to four factors

1. Increased __________________ of trained _____ _ fibers known as __________ __________ for greater cross-sectional area for ___ ___________

2. Greater opening of existing capillaries known as ___________ __________

3. More effective blood flow distribution as ____________ and ____________ become more effective

4. Increased ________ _________

what are the long term adaptations to oxygen consumption at rest after consistent aerobic endurance training for 4 months

VO2 is ___________ at rest

what are the long term adaptations to oxygen consumption during exercise after consistent aerobic endurance training for 4 months

VO2 is _______________ or ________ ________during submaximal exercise

what are the long term adaptations to AVO2 difference at rest after consistent aerobic endurance training for 4 months

AVO2 difference is _____________ at _____ after endurance training

what are the long term adaptations to AVO2 difference during exercise after consistent aerobic endurance training for 4 months

AVO2 difference __________ during ______________ and ___________ exercise because of a more effective distribution of ________ ________ away from _________ tissues to the ________ tissues and an ___________ ability of active muscles to extract _______

what are the long term adaptations to breathing rate at rest after consistent aerobic endurance training for 4 months

respiratory rate slightly ____________ at rest

what are the long term adaptations to breathing rate during exercise after consistent aerobic endurance training for 4 months

respiratory rate decreases during _____________ ____________, but increases during ____________ _____________

what are the long term adaptations to tidal volume at rest after consistent aerobic endurance training for 4 months

tidal volume is _______________ at _____ after endurance training because the __________ or basic _______________ of the _________ remains unchanged

what are the long term adaptations to tidal volume during exercise after consistent aerobic endurance training for 4 months

tidal volume slightly ____________ during ___________ exercise and ____________ during ________ exercise as the ___________ demand of any given exercise is the same therefore the body must _____________ to a similar level to meet that ________ through strength adaptations in the ____________ muscles

what are the long term adaptations to ventilation at rest after consistent aerobic endurance training for 4 months

pulmonary ventilation is ______________ at _______ after endurance training because the ____________ or basic _____________ of the ___________ remains unchanged

what are the long term adaptations to ventilation during exercise after consistent aerobic endurance training for 4 months

pulmonary ventilation decreases after endurance training during ______________ ______________ but

pulmonary ventilation ______________ after endurance training due to increases in both ____________ __________ and ___________ __________ during ____________ ____________

what are the long term adaptations to EPOC during exercise after consistent aerobic endurance training for 4 months

EPOC recovery time ___________ due to adaptations in __________ _________ and increased _________ __________ at the muscle site

VO2max __________ substantially following endurance training, but the extent of increase possible is ____________ limited by ______ and __________ factors in each individual. The major limiting factor appears to be _________ _________ to the _________ __________ stemming from ______ _______, _______ ________, and ___________

blood volume ____________ rapidly with endurance training due to an increase in ____________ __________ like __________ which increases __________ __________ _________ fluid to be reabsorbed resulting in more ________ ________

blood volume _________ rapidly with endurance training due to an increase in ___________ ______ and ______________ for an increased reabsorption of _______ and ________ in the kidneys resulting in more ________ ________

blood volume ________ rapidly with endurance training due an increase in ______ _______ ________

pulmonary diffusion is ________________ at ________ and ______________ _____________

Pulmonary diffusion at _________ _________ increases, especially in ______ _________ of the _____ that are not normally _________

an increase in VO2 max following endurance training is the result from improved _________ _________, _________ ________, and _________ ____________

Aerobic training selectively recruits ______ __ muscle fibers and fewer _____ __ fibers. Consequently, the ______ __fibers increase their _______-_________ area with aerobic training

Aerobic training increases both the number of _________ per muscle fiber and the number of ____________for a given cross-sectional area of muscle. These changes improve ________ _________ through the muscles, enhancing the diffusion of __________, _____________, __________, and __________ between the ______ and ________ ________

Aerobic training increases muscle __________ content by as much as 80%. which transports _________ from ____ ___________ to the ______________

Aerobic training increases both the _______ and the _____ of muscle fiber ______________, providing the muscle with an increased capacity for ____________ _____________

Activities of many ___________ enzymes are increased with aerobic training

Lactate threshold increases with ___________ training, allowing performance of _________ exercise intensities without significantly increasing _________ _________ concentration

With endurance training, the RER decreases at ___________ work rates, indicating greater utilization of ____ _____ _____ as an energy substrate, ___________ sparing