Flashcards: Excipients

Acetylcysteine, also known as N-acetylcysteine or N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), is a medication used to treat paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose and to loosen thick mucus such as in cystic fibrosis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Gum arabic, also known as acacia gum, is a natural gum made of the hardened sap of various species of the acacia tree.

Alginic acid, also called algin or alginate, is an anionic polysaccharide distributed widely in the cell walls of brown algae, where through binding with water it forms a viscous gum.

Allantoin is a chemical compound with formula C4H6N4O3.

Hypromellose (INN), short for hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), is a semisynthetic, inert, viscoelastic polymer used as eye drops, as well as an excipient and controlled-delivery component in oral medicaments, found in a variety of commercial products.

Magnesium stearate is the chemical compound with the formula Mg(C18H35O2)2.

Oleic acid is a fatty acid that occurs naturally in various animal and vegetable fats and oils.

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a polyether compound with many applications from industrial manufacturing to medicine.

Thiomersal (INN), commonly known in the U.

The triglyceride 1,2,3-triacetoxypropane is more generally known as triacetin and glycerin triacetate.

Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (polyvinyl polypyrrolidone, PVPP, crospovidone, crospolividone or E1202) is a highly cross-linked modification of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP).

Activated carbon, also called activated charcoal, is a form of carbon processed to have small, low-volume pores that increase the surface area available for adsorption or chemical reactions.

Acetone (systematically named 2-propanone) is the organic compound with the formula (CH3)2CO.

Calcium carbonate is a chemical compound with the formula CaCO3.

Cellulose is an organic compound with the formula (C6H10O5)n, a polysaccharide consisting of a linear chain of several hundred to many thousands of β(1→4) linked D-glucose units.

Mannitol, also known as mannite or manna sugar, is a white, crystalline solid that looks and tastes sweet like sucrose.

Silicon dioxide, also known as silica (from the Latin silex), is a chemical compound that is an oxide of silicon with the chemical formula SiO2.

Sodium dodecyl sulfate, synonymously sodium lauryl sulfate (or laurilsulfate; SDS or SLS, respectively), is a synthetic organic compound with the formula CH3(CH2)11SO4Na.

Titanium dioxide, also known as titanium(IV) oxide or titania, is the naturally occurring oxide of titanium, chemical formula TiO2.

Xylitol /ˈzaɪlᵻtɒl/ is a sugar alcohol used as a sweetener.

Acetophenone is the organic compound with the formula C6H5C(O)CH3 (also represented by the letters PhAc or BzMe), is the simplest aromatic ketone.

Denatured alcohol, also called methylated spirits or denatured rectified spirit, is ethanol that has additives to make it poisonous, bad tasting, foul smelling or nauseating, to discourage recreational consumption.

Iron(II,III) oxide is the chemical compound with formula Fe3O4.

Lactose is a disaccharide sugar composed of galactose and glucose that is found in milk.

Propylene glycol, also called propane-1,2-diol, is an organic compound with the chemical formula C3H8O2.

Succinic acid (/səkˈsɪnᵻk/) is a dicarboxylic acid with chemical formula (CH2)2(CO2H)2.

1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, R-134a, Forane 134a, Genetron 134a, Florasol 134a, Suva 134a or HFC-134a, also known as norflurane (INN), is a haloalkane refrigerant with thermodynamic properties similar to R-12 (dichlorodifluoromethane) but with insignificant ozone depletion potential and a somewhat lower global warming potential (1300, compared to R-12's GWP of 2400).

Acesulfame potassium (ace-SUHL-faym), also known as acesulfame K (K is the symbol for potassium) or Ace K, is a calorie-free sugar substitute (artificial sweetener), and marketed under the trade names Sunett and Sweet One.

Maltitol is a sugar alcohol (a polyol) used as a sugar substitute.

Methyl cellulose (or methylcellulose) is a chemical compound derived from cellulose.

Shellac is a resin secreted by the female lac bug, on trees in the forests of India and Thailand.

Ethyl cellulose is a derivative of cellulose in which some of the hydroxyl groups on the repeating glucose units are converted into ethyl ether groups.

N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) is an organic compound consisting of a 5-membered lactam.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), also commonly called polyvidone or povidone, is a water-soluble polymer made from the monomer N-vinylpyrrolidone:

Sorbitol, also known as glucitol, is a sugar alcohol with a sweet taste which the human body metabolizes slowly.

The organic compound 1,1,1-trichloroethane, also known as methyl chloroform, is a chloroalkane.

Triethyl citrate is an ester of citric acid.

Polysorbate 20 (common commercial brand names include Scattics, Alkest TW 20 and Tween 20) is a polysorbate-type nonionic surfactant formed by the ethoxylation of sorbitan before the addition of lauric acid.

DDAIP is a pharmaceutical ingredient added to topical products to increase penetration through the skin.

Acacia s.l. (/əˈkeɪʃə/ or /əˈkeɪsiə/), known commonly as mimosa, acacia, thorntree or wattle, is a polyphyletic genus of shrubs and trees belonging to the subfamily Mimosoideae of the family Fabaceae.

Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) is a derivative of cellulose with both water solubility and organic solubility.

Acetyltributylcitrate is an organic compound that is used as a plasticizer.

Macrogol is the international nonproprietary name for polyethylene glycol (PEG).

Medicinal liquid paraffin, also known as paraffinum liquidum, is a very highly refined mineral oil used in cosmetics and for medical purposes.

Glyceryl behenate is a fat used in cosmetics, foods, and oral pharmaceutical formulations.