Flashcards: Ethnic groups in Europe

The Circassians (Circassian: Адыгэхэр, Adygekher) are a Northwest Caucasian ethnic group native to Circassia, many of whom were displaced in the course of the Russian conquest of the Caucasus in the 19th century, especially after the Russian–Circassian War in 1864.

The Livonians or Livs (livonian: līvlizt) are the indigenous inhabitants of Northern Latvia and Southwestern Estonia.

The Nenets (Nenets: ненэй ненэче, nenəj nenəče, Russian: ненцы, nentsy), also known as Samoyeds, are an indigenous people in northern arctic Russia.

The Skolt Sámi or Skolts are a Sami ethnic group.

The Occitans (Occitan: los occitans) are an indigenous Romance language speaking ethnic group, originating in Occitania (southern France, northeastern Spain and northwestern Italy).

Azerbaijanis (/ˌæzərbaɪˈdʒɑːniz/) or Azeris (Azerbaijani: Azərilər آذریلر, Azərbaycanlılar آذربایجانلیلار), also known as Azerbaijani Turks (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Türkləri آذربایجان تورکلری), are a Turkic ethnic group living mainly in Iranian Azerbaijan and the independent Republic of Azerbaijan.

The Chuvash people (Chuvash: чăваш; Russian: чуваши; Turkish: çuvaş) are a Turkic ethnic group, native to an area stretching from the Volga Region to Siberia.

Cossacks (Ukrainian: козаки́, koza'ky, Russian: казаки́, kaza'ki) are a group of predominantly East Slavic-speaking people who became known as members of democratic, self-governing, semi-military communities, predominantly located in Ukraine and in Russia.

The Romani (also spelled Romany; /ˈroʊməni/, /ˈrɒ-/), or Roma, are a traditionally nomadic ethnic group, living mostly in Europe and the Americas and originating from the northern regions of the Indian subcontinent, presumably from where the states Rajasthan, Haryana, and Punjab exist today.

The Visigoths (UK: /ˈvɪzɪˌɡɒθs/; US: /ˈvɪzɪˌɡɑːθs/, Latin: Visigothi, Wisigothi, Vesi, Visi, Wesi, or Wisi) were the western branches of the nomadic tribes of Germanic peoples referred to collectively as the Goths.

The Aromanians (Aromanian: Rrãmãnjã, Armãnjã) are an ethnic group native to the southern Balkans, traditionally living in northern and central Greece, central and southern Albania, the Republic of Macedonia, and south-western Bulgaria.

The Balts or Baltic people (Lithuanian: baltai, Latvian: balti) are an Indo-European ethno-linguistic group who speak the Baltic languages, a branch of the Indo-European language family, which was originally spoken by tribes living in area east of Jutland peninsula in the west and Moscow, Oka and Volga rivers basins in the east.

The Basques (Basque: euskaldunak; Spanish: vascos; French: basques, English: /bɑːsks/ or /bæsks/) are an indigenous ethnic group characterised by the Basque language, a common Basque culture and shared ancestry to the ancient Vascones and Aquitanians.

Spaniards are a nation and ethnic group native to Spain that share a common Spanish culture and speak one of the national languages of Spain, including most numerously the Castilian Spanish language, as a mother tongue.

The Flemish or Flemings (Dutch: Vlamingen) are a Germanic ethnic group, who speak Flemish Dutch.

The Gagauz people are a Turkic-speaking group living mostly in southern Moldova (Gagauzia), southwestern Ukraine (Budjak), south-eastern Romania (Dobruja), northeastern Bulgaria, Greece, Brazil, United States and Canada.

The Ossetians or Ossetes (Ossetian: ир, ирæттæ, ir, irættæ; дигорæ, дигорæнттæ, digoræ, digorænttæ) are an Iranian ethnic group of the Caucasus Mountains, indigenous to the region known as Ossetia.

The Sami people (also Sámi or Saami, traditionally known in English as Lapps or Laplanders) are an indigenous Finno-Ugric people inhabiting the Arctic area of Sápmi, which today encompasses parts of far northern Norway, Sweden, Finland, and the Kola Peninsula of Russia.

The Catalans (Catalan, French and Occitan: catalans; Italian: catalani; Spanish: catalanes) are a Romance ethnic group formed by the people from, or with origins in, Catalonia, who form a nationality in northern Spain.

The Finno-Ugric peoples are any of several peoples of Eurasia who speak languages of the Finno-Ugric group of the Uralic language family, such as the Khanty, Mansi, Hungarians, Maris, Mordvins, Sámi, Estonians, Karelians, Finns, Udmurts and Komis.

The Yenish, Yeniche (French spelling), or Jenische (German spelling), are the third-largest population of nomadic people all over Europe, living mostly in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Wallonia, Luxembourg, Belgium and parts of France.

The Banat Swabians are an ethnic German population in Southeast Europe, part of the Danube Swabians.

Asturians (Asturian: asturianos) are the native ethnic group of the autonomous community of Asturias, in Spain, as well as smaller communities in the Spanish provinces of León, Zamora and Cantabria.

Extremadurans (Spanish: extremeños, Extremaduran: estremeñus, Portuguese: estremenhos) are an ethnic group living in Extremadura,in the south-west of Spain.

The Kalmyks (Kalmyk: Хальмгуд, Khal’mgud, Mongolian: Халимаг, Khalimag) are the Oirats in Russia, whose ancestors migrated from Dzungaria in 1607.

Lezgins (Lezgian: лезгияр, lezgiyar, Russian: лезгины, lezginy; also called Lezgins, Lezgi, Lezgis, Lezgs, Lezgin) are a Lezgic ethnic group native predominantly to southern Dagestan and northeastern Azerbaijan and who speak the Lezgian language.

The Andalusians (Spanish: andaluces) are the people of the southern region in Spain approximated by what is now called Andalusia.

The English diaspora consists of English people and their descendants who emigrated from England.

Liverpool-born Blacks are people of Black African ancestry born in the city of Liverpool.

A modern Celtic identity emerged in Western Europe following the identification of the native peoples of the Atlantic fringe as Celts by Edward Lhuyd in the 18th century.

Galicians (Galician: galegos, Spanish: gallegos) are a national, cultural and ethnolinguistic group whose historic homeland is Galicia, in the north-west of the Iberian Peninsula.