Hydrogen
Maintains osmotic balance; important in numerous biochemical reactions; constituent of carbohydrates
Carbon
Constituent of carbohydrates; necessary for photosynthesis
Oxygen
Constituent of carbohydrates, necessary for respiration
Nitrogen
Constituent of proteins, chlorophyll and nucleic acids
Phosphorus
Constituent of many proteins, coenzymes, nucleic acids and metabolic substrates; important in energy transfer
Potassium
nvolved with photosynthesis, carbohydrate translocation, protein synthesis, etc.
Calcium
A component of cell walls; plays a role in the structure and permeability of membranes
Magnesium
Enzyme activator, component of chlorophyll
Sulfur
Important component of plant proteins
Boron
Believed to be important in sugar translocation and carbohydrate metabolism
Chlorine
Involved with oxygen production in photosynthesis
Copper
A catalyst for respiration; a component of various enzymes Component of cytochromes and nitrogenase
Manganese
controls several oxidation-reduction systems and photosynthesis
Iron
Involved with chlorophyll synthesis and in enzymes for electron transfer
Molybdenum
Involved with nitrogen fixation and transforming nitrate to ammonium
Nickel
Necessary for proper functioning of the enzyme, urease, and found to be necessary in seed germination
Zinc
Involved with enzyme systems that regulate various metabolic activities