Flashcards: Embryology of nervous system

The eyes begin to develop as a pair of diverticula from the lateral aspects of the forebrain.

The rostral neuropore or anterior neuropore is a region corresponding to the opening of the embryonic neural tube in the anterior portion of the developing prosencephalon.

The neural groove is a shallow median groove of the neural plate between the neural folds of an embryo.

Neuroectoderm (or neural ectoderm or neural tube epithelium) is ectoderm which receives bone morphogenetic protein-inhibiting signals from proteins such as noggin, which leads to the development of the nervous system from this tissue.

The neural plate is a key developmental structure that serves as the basis for the nervous system.

The Lens placode is a thickened portion of ectoderm which serves as the precursor to the lens.

A neurogenic placode is an area of thickening of the epithelium in the embryonic head ectoderm layer that gives rise to neurons and other structures of the sensory nervous system.

The cranial neural crest is a form of neural crest.

The study of neural development in humans draws on both neuroscience and developmental biology to describe the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which complex nervous systems emerge during embryonic development and throughout life.

Neural crest cells are a temporary group of cells unique to vertebrates that arise from the embryonic ectoderm cell layer, and in turn give rise to a diverse cell lineage—including melanocytes, craniofacial cartilage and bone, smooth muscle, peripheral and enteric neurons and glia.

In animal anatomy, the notochord is a flexible rod made out of a material similar to cartilage.

The alar plate (or alar lamina) is a neural structure in the embryonic nervous system, part of the dorsal side of neural tube, that involves the communication of general somatic and general visceral sensory impulses.

The neural fold is a structure that arises during neurulation in the embryonic development of both birds and mammals among other organisms.

In the developing nervous system, the basal plate is the region of the neural tube ventral to the sulcus limitans.

Neurulation refers to the folding process in vertebrate embryos, which includes the transformation of the neural plate into the neural tube.

The auditory pit, also known as the otic pit, is the first rudiment of the internal ear.

In embryology, the otic placode is a thickening of the ectoderm on the outer surface of a developing embryo from which the ear develops.

Otic vesicle, or auditory vesicle, consists of either of the two sac-like invaginations formed and subsequently closed off during embryonic development.

In the developing chordate (including vertebrates), the neural tube is the embryo's precursor to the central nervous system, which comprises the brain and spinal cord.

The mesencephalic flexure or cephalic flexure is the first flexure, or bend, of the embryonic brain; it appears in the region of the mid-brain.

The pontine flexure is a bend in the axis of the embryological central nervous system (the neuraxis).

During embryonic development of the eye, the outer wall of the bulb of the optic vesicles becomes thickened and invaginated, and the bulb is thus converted into a cup, the optic cup (or ophthalmic cup), consisting of two strata of cells.

The cardiac neural crest complex is a form of neural crest.

The truncal neural crest or trunk neural crest is a form of neural crest.

The optic vesicles project toward the sides of the head, and the peripheral part of each expands to form a hollow bulb, while the proximal part remains narrow and constitutes the optic stalk.