Flashcards: Electromagnetism

Radiation pressure is the pressure exerted upon any surface exposed to electromagnetic radiation.

In physics, specifically electromagnetism, the Biot–Savart law (/ˈbiːoʊ səˈvɑːr/ or /ˈbjoʊ səˈvɑːr/) is an equation describing the magnetic field generated by an electric current.

In electromagnetism, there are two kinds of dipoles: * An electric dipole is a separation of positive and negative charges.

Electric power is the rate, per unit time, at which electrical energy is transferred by an electric circuit.

An electric field is a vector field that associates to each point in space the Coulomb force that would be experienced per unit of electric charge, by an infinitesimal test charge at that point.

An electromagnetic field (also EM field) is a physical field produced by electrically charged objects.

An electromagnet is a type of magnet in which the magnetic field is produced by an electric current.

A Faraday cage or Faraday shield is an enclosure used to block electric fields.

A quadrupole or quadrapole is one of a sequence of configurations of—for example—electric charge or current, or gravitational mass that can exist in ideal form, but it is usually just part of a multipole expansion of a more complex structure reflecting various orders of complexity.

In electromagnetism, the electromagnetic tensor or electromagnetic field tensor (sometimes called the field strength tensor, Faraday tensor or Maxwell bivector) is a mathematical object that describes the electromagnetic field in space-time of a physical system.

Very strong radiation can induce current capable of delivering an electric shock to persons or animals.

A magnetic lens is a device for the focusing or deflection of moving charged particles, such as electrons or ions, by use of the magnetic Lorentz force.

A pinch is the compression of an electrically conducting filament by magnetic forces.

Cathode rays (also called an electron beam or e-beam) are streams of electrons observed in vacuum tubes.

In the physics of gauge theories, gauge fixing (also called choosing a gauge) denotes a mathematical procedure for coping with redundant degrees of freedom in field variables.

Maxwell's equations are a set of partial differential equations that, together with the Lorentz force law, form the foundation of classical electrodynamics, classical optics, and electric circuits.

The electrical resistance of an electrical conductor is a measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through that conductor.

Voltage, electric potential difference, electric pressure or electric tension (formally denoted ∆V or ∆U, but more often simply as V or U, for instance in the context of Ohm's or Kirchhoff's laws) is the difference in electric potential energy between two points per unit electric charge.

This article summarizes equations in the theory of electromagnetism.

A terahertz metamaterial is a class of composite metamaterials designed to interact at terahertz (THz) frequencies.

Classical electromagnetism or classical electrodynamics is a branch of theoretical physics that studies the interactions between electric charges and currents using an extension of the classical Newtonian model.

In physics, charge conservation is the principle that electric charge can neither be created nor destroyed.

The moving magnet and conductor problem is a famous thought experiment, originating in the 19th century, concerning the intersection of classical electromagnetism and special relativity.

Electromotive force, also called emf (denoted and measured in volts), is the voltage developed by any source of electrical energy such as a battery or dynamo.

The method of image charges (also known as the method of images and method of mirror charges) is a basic problem-solving tool in electrostatics.

In physics (particularly in electromagnetism) the Lorentz force is the combination of electric and magnetic force on a point charge due to electromagnetic fields.

The aberration of light (also referred to as astronomical aberration or stellar aberration) is an astronomical phenomenon which produces an apparent motion of celestial objects about their locations dependent on the velocity of the observer.

The quantum electrodynamic vacuum or QED vacuum is the field-theoretic vacuum of quantum electrodynamics.

A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field is the third of James Clerk Maxwell's papers regarding electromagnetism, published in 1865.

In special and general relativity, the four-current (technically the four-current density) is the four-dimensional analogue of the electric current density, which is used in the geometric context of four-dimensional spacetime, rather than three-dimensional space and time separately.

There are various mathematical descriptions of the electromagnetic field that are used in the study of electromagnetism, one of the four fundamental forces of nature.

In physics, relativistic quantum mechanics (RQM) is any Poincaré covariant formulation of quantum mechanics (QM).

The covariant formulation of classical electromagnetism refers to ways of writing the laws of classical electromagnetism (in particular, Maxwell's equations and the Lorentz force) in a form that is manifestly invariant under Lorentz transformations, in the formalism of special relativity using rectilinear inertial coordinate systems.

A conventional electrical unit (or conventional unit where there is no risk of ambiguity) is a unit of measurement in the field of electricity which is based on the so-called "conventional values" of the Josephson constant and the von Klitzing constant agreed by the International Committee for Weights and Measures (CIPM) in 1988.

In electromagnetism and applications, an inhomogeneous electromagnetic wave equation, or nonhomogeneous electromagnetic wave equation, is one of a set of wave equations describing the propagation of electromagnetic waves generated by nonzero source charges and currents.