Improve learning, Discover student strengths and needs, Learn what gaps may exist in student understanding, Evaluate teacher effectiveness
Formal assessments:
A written document such as a test, quiz, or paper. Given a numerical grade/score based on student performance matching, etc.
Informal assessments:
do not contribute to a student’s grade. Occurs in a more casual manner, and includes observations, inventories, checklists, rating scales, rubrics, performance and portfolio assessments, participation, peer/self evaluation, and discussion
Projects:
promote self-assessment because students must evaluate their progress each step of the way
Authentic assessment:
tend to focus on complex/contextualized tasks, enabling them to demonstrate their competency in a more authentic setting
Rubric for students:
Describes the quality of work that is expected, assesses the quality of their work, self-assessment, accountability and responsibility for own learning Rubric for teachers: Immediate feedback and guidance
Formative assessment:
judgement during the process of learning and uses data collected
Summative assessment:
judgement about student progress at the end of instruction
Criterion-referenced tests:
measured against uniform objectives/criteria
Norm-referenced tests:
provide a way to compare the performance of groups of students
Feedback:
Use the compliment sandwich: positive feedback, constructive feedback, positive. Feedback
Informal reading inventory (IRI):
will help you assess a student's strengths and needs in these areas word recognition, word meaning, reading strategies, and comprehension
Self-assessment:
a process of formative assessment during which students reflect on and evaluate the quality of their work and their learning, judge the degree to which they reflect explicitly stated goals or criteria, identify strengths and weaknesses in their work, and revise accordingly
Diagnostic assessment:
a form of pre-assessment that allows a teacher to determine students' individual strengths, weaknesses, knowledge, and skills prior to instruction.
Interest inventory:
Requires participants to indicate personal likes and dislikes
Raw score:
indicates the number of points a student earned on a test
Percentile rank:
the percentage of scores in its frequency distribution that are equal to or lower than it
Grade-equivalent score:
scores based on the performance of students in the test's norming group.
Holistic score:
scorers evaluate the effectiveness of responses in terms of a set of overall descriptions of signed communication.
Portfolio:
a compilation of academic work and other forms of educational evidence
Miscue analysis:
an assessment that helps a teacher identify the cueing systems used by a reader
Response-to-intervention (RTI):
refers to a process that highlights how well students respond to changes in instruction in the classroom. Individual students' progress is monitored and results are used to make decisions about further instruction and intervention.
How to develop a positive relationship with parents:
Make positive contact at the beginning of the year, explaining expectations from students
Parent-teacher conferences:
Primary purpose should be the mutual sharing of information between parents and teachers. Should NOT be a one-way exchange
Cultural adaptation:
the specific capacity of human beings and human societies to overcome changes of their natural and social environment by modifications to their culture.
Family engagement:
occurs when there is an on-going, reciprocal, strengths-based partnership between families and their children's early childhood education programs
PTO partnership:
Research shows that family involvement promotes student success. Students with involved parents are more likely to Earn higher grades, attend school regularly and have better social skills, go on to postsecondary education
School-community partnerships:
Shared responsibility and reciprocal process whereby schools and other community agencies and organizations engage families in meaningful and culturally appropriate way
Translator:
person who translates from one language into another, especially as a profession
Working families:
All family members age 15 and older either have a combined work effort of 39 weeks or more in the prior 12 months OR all family members age 15 and older have a combined work effort of 26 to 39 weeks in the prior 12 months, and one unemployed parent looked for work in the prior four weeks
Reasons for uninvolved parents:
Conflicting work schedules, Embarrassment about lack of formal education, School personnel using technical jargon, Some parents believe that school personnel do not want parents to be involved
Equality of Educational Opportunity:
A concept that students from less advantageous backgrounds should have equal opportunities to experience success in school.