Flashcards: DNA

DNA profiling (also called DNA fingerprinting, DNA testing, or DNA typing) is a forensic technique used to identify individuals by characteristics of their DNA.

Retroviral integrase (IN) is an enzyme produced by a retrovirus (such as HIV) that enables its genetic material to be integrated into the DNA of the infected cell.

In molecular biology, DNA polymerases are enzymes that synthesize DNA molecules from deoxyribonucleotides, the building blocks of DNA.

A DNA microarray (also commonly known as DNA chip or biochip) is a collection of microscopic DNA spots attached to a solid surface.

An intron is any nucleotide sequence within a gene that is removed by RNA splicing during maturation of the final RNA product.

Nucleotides are organic molecules that serve as the monomers, or subunits, of nucleic acids like DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid).

A plasmid is a small DNA molecule within a cell that is physically separated from a chromosomal DNA and can replicate independently.

Telomerase, also called terminal transferase, is a ribonucleoprotein that adds a species-dependent telomere repeat sequence to the 3' end of telomeres.

The unique ability of gyrase to introduce negative supercoils into DNA is what allows bacterial DNA to have free negative supercoils.

An exon is any part of a gene that will encode a part of the final mature RNA produced by that gene after introns have been removed by RNA splicing.

A homeobox is a DNA sequence, around 180 base pairs long, found within genes that are involved in the regulation of patterns of anatomical development (morphogenesis) in animals, fungi and plants.

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA or mDNA) is the DNA located in mitochondria, cellular organelles within eukaryotic cells that convert chemical energy from food into a form that cells can use, adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

Nucleosides are glycosylamines that can be thought of as nucleotides without a phosphate group.

In molecular biology and genetics, a transcription factor (sometimes called a sequence-specific DNA-binding factor) is a protein that binds to specific DNA sequences, thereby controlling the rate of transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA.

The Lichtenstein Cave is an archaeological site near Dorste, Lower Saxony, Germany.

In biochemistry, the DNA methyltransferase (DNA MTase) family of enzymes catalyze the transfer of a methyl group to DNA.

5-Hydroxymethylcytosine is a DNA pyrimidine nitrogen base.

M1G (pyrimido[1,2-a]purin-10(3H)-one) is a heterocyclic compound which is a by-product of base excision repair (BER) of a specific type of DNA adduct called M1dG.

5,6-Dihydroxycytosine can be formed from treatment of DNA with osmium tetroxide.

This is a list of haplogroups of historic people.

DNA polymerase epsilon is a member of the DNA polymerase family of enzymes found in eukaryotes.

Propidium monoazide (PMA) is a photoreactive DNA-binding dye that preferentially binds to dsDNA.

C-DNA also known as C form DNA.

The CpG sites or CG sites are regions of DNA where a cytosine nucleotide is followed by a guanine nucleotide in the linear sequence of bases along its 5' → 3' direction.

In molecular biology, origin recognition complex (ORC) is a multi-subunit DNA binding complex (6 subunits) that binds in all eukaryotes in an ATP-dependent manner to origins of replication.

Genetic studies on Jews are part of the population genetics discipline and are used to better understand the chronology of migration provided by research in other fields, such as history, archaeology, linguistics, and paleontology.

Chloroplasts have their own DNA, often abbreviated as cpDNA.

DNA phenotyping (fee-no-type-ing) is the process of predicting an organism’s phenotype using only genetic information collected from genotyping or DNA sequencing.

The 100,000 Genomes Project is a UK Government project that is sequencing whole genomes from National Health Service patients.

The 100K Pathogen Genome Project was launched in July 2012 by Bart Weimer (UC Davis) as an academic, public, and private partnership.

Free radical damage to DNA can occur as a result of exposure to UV radiation or to radiomimetic compounds.

YOYO-1 is a green fluorescent dye used in DNA staining.