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Flashcards: DNA
Chromosomes
made up of DNA wound around proteins called histones
Histones
proteins
Double helix
describes the twisted shape of DNA
Purines
adenine and gamine
Pyrimidines
thymine and cytosine
DNA polymerase
catalyzes DNA replication
Chromatid
daughter DNA strand
Centromere
holds together identical chromatids
Helicase
enzyme that brakes hydrogen bonds
Anticodon
determines which amino acid will be carried by tRNA
Transcription
process of generating a MRNA from DNA for protein synthesis
Translation
use of templet to build protein molecule
Rhodopsin
light sensitive proteins in the eye
Codon
sequence of three mRNA bases that code for a specific amino acid
Anticodon
sequence of three tRNA bases that are complimentary to a codon
Triplet
sequence of three DNA bases that codes for a specific amino acid
Mutation
change in nucleotide sequence of DNA
Point mutation
mutation that involves only one or two nucleotides
Substitution
the least serious mutation where one nucleotide is replaced by a different one
Deletion
one nucleotide is removed
Insertion
extra nucleotide pairs are added
Frameshift
when deletion and insertion mutations alter a cell
Missense mutation
mutation affecting shape or function
DNA fingerprint
unique pattern of everyone's DNA
Polymerase chain reaction
making copies of DNA segments
Fragmentation
restriction enzymes are used to cut DNA into smaller pieces
Gel electrophoresis
technology used to determine length and molecular weight of DNA molecule
Probe labeling
incubated with radiation so that DNA nucleotides tagged with radioactive probe can be seen through autoradiography
Detection
correlating probes with nucleotides