Neoplasia
abnormal growth of tissue
follicular, diffuse large b cell, burkitt
What are your non-hodgkin lymphomas?
EBV, HTLV-1, chronic immunosuppression (HIV, organ transplant)
What are some believed causes of Non-Hodgkin lymphomas?
HTLV-1
-endemic in southwestern island of japan; associated with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
d
Which type of lymphoma is most commonly associated with EBV infections?
a. hodgkins
b. follicular
c. diffuse large b cell
d. burkitt lymphoma
Burkitt
-This type of lymphoma is common in childhood cancer in Central Africa
-affects the jaw before affecting the rest of the body
Diffuse large B-cell
-peak incidence 60-70 years old
-aggressive and rapidly fatal lymphoma affecting lymph nodes
-many sites of origin
-extranodal sites
follicular
-common in US; can affect any lymph nodes
indolent lymphoma
-painless spreading with painless lymphadenopathy
-course of disease may fluctuate over years; eventually transforming into aggressive forms
aggressive lymphoma
-pain, fever, night sweats, weight loss, susceptible to infections
lymph node biopsy; localized radiation & chemo
How do we diagnose and treat non-hodgkins lymphomas?
Reed-sternberg cell
What is the diagnostic marker for Hodgkin lymphoma?
Reed-Sternberg cell
-large, atypical, mononuclear tumor cell
bimodal
Hodgkin lymphoma has a ______ type of distribution
c
Hodgkin lymphoma arises from ___________
a. multiple lymph nodes spread throughout body
b. thymus
c. single node or chain
d. bone marrow
carcinogens, viruses, genes
What are some potential causes of Hodgkin lymphomas?
Hodgkin lymphomas symptoms
- painless enlargement and involves lymph nodes above diaphragm
-chest discomfort with cough or dyspnea
-fever, chills, nigh sweats, weight loss
irradiation, chemo
What are some treatment options for Hodgkins lymphomas??
lymphocytic leukemia
-involves immature lymphocytes and progenitors
-originates in bone marrow
-may infiltrate spleen, lymph nodes, CNS
Myelocytic leukemia
-involves pluripotent myeloid stem cells in bone marrow and interferes in granulocytes, erythrocytes, thrombocytes
hematopoietic precursor cells
Leukemia is derived from what kind of cells?
irradiation, bone marrow transplant
How do we treat leukemia?
exposure to radiation, benzenes, occur after chemotherapy, congenital disorders (down syndrome, neurofibromatosis)
Etiology of leukemia?