Flashcards: Diseases of liver

Hepatosplenomegaly (commonly abbreviated HSM) is the simultaneous enlargement of both the liver (hepatomegaly) and the spleen (splenomegaly).

Dubin–Johnson syndrome (DJS) is a rare, autosomal recessive, benign disorder that causes an isolated increase of conjugated bilirubin in the serum.

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is the occurrence of confusion, altered level of consciousness, and coma as a result of liver failure.

Cirrhosis is a condition in which the liver does not function properly due to long-term damage.

Steatohepatitis is a type of fatty liver disease, characterized by inflammation of the liver with concurrent fat accumulation in liver.

Fatty liver, also known as fatty liver disease (FLD) or hepatic steatosis, is a reversible condition wherein large vacuoles of triglyceride fat accumulate in liver cells via the process of steatosis (i.e., abnormal retention of lipids within a cell).

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the causes of fatty liver, occurring when fat is deposited (steatosis) in the liver due to causes other than excessive alcohol use.

Alveolar hydatid disease (AHD), also known as alveolar echinococcosis, alveolar colloid of the liver, alveolococcosis, multilocular echinococcosis, and small fox tapeworm is a form of echinococcosis, and is a disease that originates from a parasite.

A gallstone is a stone formed within the gallbladder out of bile components.

Cholestasis is a condition where bile cannot flow from the liver to the duodenum.

Wilson's disease is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder in which copper accumulates in tissues; this manifests as neurological or psychiatric symptoms and liver disease.

Viral hepatitis is liver inflammation due to a viral infection.

An infantile hemangioma (IH) is one of the most common benign tumors of infancy and occurs in approximately 5–10% of infants.

Liver failure or hepatic insufficiency is the inability of the liver to perform its normal synthetic and metabolic function as part of normal physiology.

Hepatotoxicity (from hepatic toxicity) implies chemical-driven liver damage.

Haemochromatosis (or hemochromatosis) type 1 (also HFE hereditary haemochromatosis or HFE-related hereditary haemochromatosis) is a hereditary disease characterized by excessive intestinal absorption of dietary iron resulting in a pathological increase in total body iron stores.

Ascending cholangitis, also known as acute cholangitis or simply cholangitis, is an infection of the bile duct (cholangitis), usually caused by bacteria ascending from its junction with the duodenum (first part of the small intestine).

Bacillary peliosis is a form of peliosis hepatis that has been associated with bacteria in the genus Bartonella.

Lyngstadaas Syndrome, also known as severe dental aberrations in familial steroid dehydrogenase deficiency , is a rare autosomal recessive liver disease involving an enzyme (steroid dehydrogenase) deficiency and dental anomalies.

Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) also called byler's disease, refers to a group of familial cholestatic conditions caused by defects in biliary epithelial transporters.

Gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) is an uncommon cause of chronic gastrointestinal bleeding or iron deficiency anemia.

Budd–Chiari syndrome is a condition caused by occlusion of the hepatic veins that drain the liver.

Non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis (NCPF) is a chronic liver disease and type of non-cirrhotic portal hypertension (NCPH).

Congestive hepatopathy, also known as nutmeg liver and chronic passive congestion of the liver, is liver dysfunction due to venous congestion, usually due to congestive heart failure.

Acute fatty liver of pregnancy is a rare life-threatening complication of pregnancy that occurs in the third trimester or the immediate period after delivery.

Liver cancer, also known as hepatic cancer and primary hepatic cancer, is cancer that starts in the liver.

A liver abscess is a pus-filled mass inside the liver.

Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FHCC) is a rare form of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that typically affects young adults and is characterized, under the microscope, by laminated fibrous layers interspersed between the tumour cells.

Alcoholic liver disease is a term that encompasses the liver manifestations of alcohol overconsumption, including fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, and chronic hepatitis with liver fibrosis or cirrhosis.

Laennec's cirrhosis, also known as portal cirrhosis, alcoholic cirrhosis, fatty cirrhosis, or atrophic cirrhosis, is named after René Laennec, a French physician and the inventor of the stethoscope.

Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency (α1-antitrypsin deficiency, A1AD) is a genetic disorder that causes defective production of alpha 1-antitrypsin (A1AT), leading to decreased A1AT activity in the blood and lungs, and deposition of excessive abnormal A1AT protein in liver cells.

Zieve's syndrome is an acute metabolic condition that can occur during withdrawal from prolonged alcohol abuse.

Primary biliary cirrhosis, also known as primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), is an autoimmune disease of the liver.

Congenital hepatic fibrosis is an inherited fibrocystic liver disease associated with proliferation of interlobular bile ducts within the portal areas and fibrosis that do not alter hepatic lobular architecture.

Acute liver failure is the appearance of severe complications rapidly after the first signs of liver disease (such as jaundice), and indicates that the liver has sustained severe damage (loss of function of 80–90% of liver cells).

A Zahn infarct is a pseudo-infarction of the liver, consisting of an area of congestion with parenchymal atrophy but no necrosis, and usually due to obstruction of a branch of the portal vein.

Peliosis hepatis is an uncommon vascular condition characterised by multiple randomly distributed blood-filled cavities throughout the liver.

Hepatolithiasis is the presence of gallstones in the biliary ducts of the liver.