Flashcards: Dietary supplements

Essentiale (polyenylphosphatidylcholine or PPC, with or without synergistic vitamins) is a preparation of essential phospholipids.

Choline (/ˈkoʊlin/) is a water-soluble vitamin.

Colostrum (known colloquially as beestings, bisnings or first milk) is a form of milk produced by the mammary glands of mammals (including humans) in late pregnancy.

Royal jelly is a honey bee secretion that is used in the nutrition of larvae, as well as adult queens.

Policosanol is the generic term for a mixture of long chain alcohols extracted from plant waxes.

A dietary supplement is intended to provide nutrients that may otherwise not be consumed in sufficient quantities.

Glutamine (abbreviated as Gln or Q; encoded by the codons CAA and CAG) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.

S-Adenosyl methionine is a common cosubstrate involved in methyl group transfers, transsulfuration, and aminopropylation.

Tryptophan (abbreviated as Trp or W; encoded by the codon UGG) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.

Glucosamine (C6H13NO5) is an amino sugar and a prominent precursor in the biochemical synthesis of glycosylated proteins and lipids.

Papain, also known as papaya proteinase I, is a cysteine protease (EC 3.4.22.2) enzyme present in papaya (Carica papaya) and mountain papaya (Vasconcellea cundinamarcensis).

Phosphatidylserine (abbreviated Ptd-L-Ser or PS) is a phospholipid and is a component of the cell membrane.

Biotin is a water-soluble B-vitamin, also called vitamin B7 and formerly known as vitamin H or coenzyme R.

Copper gluconate is the copper salt of D-gluconic acid.

Sodium selenite is the inorganic compound with the formula Na2SeO3.

Dimethylglycine is a derivative of the amino acid glycine with the structural formula (CH3)2NCH2COOH.

Carnitine is an amino acid derivative and nutrient involved in lipid (fat) metabolism in mammals and other eukaryotes.

Creatine (/ˈkriːətiːn/ or /ˈkriːətɪn/) is a nitrogenous organic acid that occurs naturally in vertebrates and helps to supply energy to all cells in the body, primarily muscle.

Dietary fiber or roughage is the indigestible portion of food derived from plants.

Lycopene from the neo-Latin lycopersicum, the tomato species, is a bright red carotene and carotenoid pigment and phytochemical found in tomatoes and other red fruits and vegetables, such as red carrots, watermelons, gac, and papayas, although not in strawberries, or cherries.

Dehydroepiandrosterone/dehydroepiandrostenedione (DHEA, more correctly didehydroepiandrosterone), also known as androstenolone as well as 3β-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one or 5-androsten-3β-ol-17-one, is an endogenous steroid hormone.

Linseed oil, also known as flaxseed oil, is a colourless to yellowish oil obtained from the dried, ripened seeds of the flax plant (Linum usitatissimum).

5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), also known as oxitriptan (INN), is a naturally occurring amino acid and chemical precursor as well as a metabolic intermediate in the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitters serotonin and melatonin from tryptophan.

Chlorophyllin refers to any one of a group of closely related water-soluble salts that are semi-synthetic derivatives of chlorophyll, differing in the identity of the cations associated with the anion.

Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) is an organosulfur compound with the formula (CH3)2SO2.

Diosmin is a flavone, a member of the flavonoid family.

Genistein is an angiogenesis inhibitor and a phytoestrogen and belongs to the category of isoflavones.

Pyridoxamine is one form of vitamin B6.

BDTH2 (also called BDET and BDETH2; trade names B9, MetX and OSR#1) is an organosulfur compound that is used as a chelation agent.

Dianazene was the name given by L.

Hydroxycitric acid (HCA) is a derivative of citric acid that is found in a variety of tropical plants including Garcinia cambogia and Hibiscus subdariffa.

Cycloastragenol is a molecule isolated from various species in the genus Astragalus that is purported to have telomerase activation activity.

Zinc L-aspartate, often simply called zinc aspartate, is a chelated zinc supplement.

Chromium(III) nicotinate is an ionic substance used for chromium supplementation in some nutritional products, where it is also referred to as chromium polynicotinate.

Bromelain is a protein extract derived from the stems of pineapples, although it exists in all parts of the fresh plant and fruit.

Chromium(III) picolinate (CrPic3) is a chemical compound sold as a nutritional supplement to treat type 2 diabetes and promote weight loss.

(Not to be confused with β-Hydroxybutyric acid.) β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid (HMB), otherwise known as its conjugate base, β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (hydroxymethylbutyrate, HMB), is a naturally occurring metabolite in humans that is used as an ingredient in medical foods and sold as a dietary supplement.

Sodium ferulate (SF), the sodium salt of ferulic acid, is a drug used in traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and to prevent thrombosis.

Magnesium malate, the magnesium salt of malic acid, is a mineral supplement.

Spirulina is a cyanobacterium (blue-green algae) that can be consumed by humans and other animals.

Acetyl-L-carnitine, ALCAR or ALC, is an acetylated form of L-carnitine.

Fish oil is oil derived from the tissues of oily fish.

Hadacol was a patent medicine marketed as a vitamin supplement.

Goji, goji berry or wolfberry is the fruit of Lycium barbarum (simplified Chinese: 宁夏枸杞; traditional Chinese: 寧夏枸杞; pinyin: Níngxià gǒuqǐ) and Lycium chinense (pinyin: gǒuqǐ), two closely related species of boxthorn in the nightshade family, Solanaceae.

L-Alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine (alpha-GPC, choline alfoscerate) is a natural choline compound found in the brain.

L-Arginine ethyl ester or LAE is an alternative supplement form of the conditionally-essential amino acid arginine bound to an ethyl ester.

Mellin's Food Company was a maker of Mellin's Food for Infants and Invalids in Boston, Massachusetts.

Zinc gluconate (also called zincum gluconicum) is the zinc salt of gluconic acid.

Cetyl myristoleate is a chemical compound which is a type of fatty acid ester or, more specifically, a cetylated fatty acid (CFA).