Designers, on the other hand, are always thinking about the cus- tomer. They approach people and problems from a particular per- spective, one informed by design-specific tools like ideation, proto- typing, and validation. They use human-centered tools, skills, and a mindset to search for, design, and execute new value propositions and business models based on what they’ve learned. Designers do this continually, iterating constantly to uncover opportunities within the fog of uncertainty.