Flashcards: Cytokines

Interferon beta-1a (also interferon beta 1-alpha) is a cytokine in the interferon family used to treat multiple sclerosis (MS).

OX40L is the ligand for CD134 and is expressed on such cells as DC2s (a subtype of dendritic cells) enabling amplification of Th2 cell differentiation.

Interferons (IFNs) are a group of signaling proteins made and released by host cells in response to the presence of several pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria, parasites, and also tumor cells.

Leptin (from Greek λεπτός leptos, "thin"), the "satiety hormone", is a hormone made by adipose cells that helps to regulate energy balance by inhibiting hunger.

Erythropoietin (/ɪˌrɪθroʊˈpɔɪᵻtən/ or /ɪˌrɪθroʊpoʊˈɛtɪn, -rə-, -ˈiː-, -tən/; from Greek: ἐρυθρός, erythros 'red' and ποιεῖν, poiein 'make'), also known as EPO, hematopoietin, or hemopoietin, is a glycoprotein hormone that controls erythropoiesis, or red blood cell production.

A cytokine storm, also known as cytokine cascade and hypercytokinemia, is a potentially fatal immune reaction consisting of a positive feedback loop between cytokines and white blood cells, with highly elevated levels of various cytokines.

The Interleukin-1 family (IL-1 family) is a group of 11 cytokines, which plays a central role in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses to infections or sterile insults.

Chemokines (Greek -kinos, movement) are a family of small cytokines, or signaling proteins secreted by cells.

The interleukin 4 (IL4) is a cytokine that induces differentiation of naive helper T cells (Th0 cells) to Th2 cells.

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), also known as colony stimulating factor 2 (CSF2), is a monomeric glycoprotein secreted by macrophages, T cells, mast cells, NK cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts that functions as a cytokine.

Not to be confused with Osteocalcin, Osteonectin or Osteoprotegerin (OPG).

Anakinra (brand name Kineret) is a drug used to treat rheumatoid arthritis.

Interferon beta-1b is a cytokine in the interferon family used to treat the relapsing-remitting and secondary-progressive forms of multiple sclerosis (MS).

Lymphotoxin (previously known as tumor necrosis factor-beta) is a lymphokine cytokine.

A myokine is one of several hundred cytokines or other small proteins (~5–20 kDa) and proteoglycan peptides that are produced and released by muscle cells (myocytes) in response to muscular contractions.

Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 13 (CCL13) is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family.

Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 14 (CCL14) is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family.

Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 15 (CCL15) is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family that is also known as leukotactin-1, MIP5 and HCC-2.

Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 16 (CCL16) is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family that is known under several pseudonyms, including Liver-expressed chemokine (LEC) and Monotactin-1 (MTN-1).

Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 23 (CCL23) is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family that is also known as Macrophage inflammatory protein 3 (MIP-3) and Myeloid progenitor inhibitory factor 1 (MPIF-1).

Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 24 (CCL24) also known as myeloid progenitor inhibitory factor 2 (MPIF-2) or eosinophil chemotactic protein 2 (eotaxin-2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCL24 gene.

Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 25 (CCL25) is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family that is also known as TECK (Thymus-Expressed Chemokine).

Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 26 (CCL26) is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family that is also called Eotaxin-3, Macrophage inflammatory protein 4-alpha(MIP-4-alpha), Thymic stroma chemokine-1 (TSC-1), and IMAC.

Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 27 (CCL27) is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family also known under the names IL-11 R-alpha-locus chemokine (ILC), Skinkine, ESkine and Cutaneous T-cell-attracting chemokine (CTACK).

Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 14 (CXCL14) is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family that is also known as BRAK (for breast and kidney-expressed chemokine).

Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 16 (CXCL16) is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family.

Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF or GCSF), also known as colony-stimulating factor 3 (CSF 3), is a glycoprotein that stimulates the bone marrow to produce granulocytes and stem cells and release them into the bloodstream.

Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 (CXCL2) is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family that is also called macrophage inflammatory protein 2-alpha (MIP2-alpha), Growth-regulated protein beta (Gro-beta) and Gro oncogene-2 (Gro-2).

Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 6 (CCL6) is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family that has only been identified in rodents.

Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins (MIP) belong to the family of chemotactic cytokines known as chemokines.

Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 17 (CXCL17) is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family that has been identified in humans and mice.

Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 6 (CXCL6) is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family that is also known as granulocyte chemotactic protein 2 (GCP-2).

Chemokine (C motif) ligand 2 (XCL2) is a small cytokine belonging to the XC chemokine family that is highly related to another chemokine called XCL1.

Chemokine (C motif) ligand (XCL1) is a small cytokine belonging to the XC chemokine family that is also known as lymphotactin.

Albinterferon (alb-IFN, trade name Albuferon) is a recombinant fusion protein drug consisting of interferon alpha (IFN-α) linked to human albumin.

Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 1 (CCL1) is a small glycoprotein secreted by activated T cells that belongs to a family inflammatory cytokines known as chemokines.

Interferon gamma (IFNγ) is a dimerized soluble cytokine that is the only member of the type II class of interferons.

A sole member makes up the type II interferons (IFNs) that is called IFN-γ (gamma).

The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily refers to a group of cytokines that can cause cell death (apoptosis).

Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAmPRTase or Nampt) also known as pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor 1 (PBEF1) or visfatin is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PBEF1 gene.

Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 28 (CCL28), also known as mucosae-associated epithelial chemokine (MEC), CCK1 and SCYA28, is a chemokine.

Oprelvekin is recombinant interleukin eleven (IL-11), a thrombopoietic growth factor that directly stimulates the proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells and megakaryocyte progenitor cells and induces megakaryocyte maturation resulting in increased platelet production.

Human type I interferons (IFNs) are a large subgroup of interferon proteins that help regulate the activity of the immune system.

Myonectin (CTRP15) is a myokine, described in 2012 by Seldin, et al.