Flashcards: Cultural assimilation

(Not to be confused with Pollenization.) Polonization (or Polonisation; Polish: polonizacja) was the acquisition or imposition of elements of Polish culture, in particular the Polish language, as experienced in some historic periods by the non-Polish populations of territories controlled or substantially under the influence of Poland.

The Punjabis (Punjabi: پنجابی, ਪੰਜਾਬੀ, पंजाबी), or Punjabi people, are an Indo-Aryan ethnic group originating from the Punjab region, found in Pakistan and northern India.

Ukrainization (also spelled Ukrainisation or Ukrainianization) is a policy of increasing the usage and facilitating the development of the Ukrainian language and promoting other elements of Ukrainian culture, in various spheres of public life such as education, publishing, government and religion.

Westernization (US) or Westernisation (UK) (see spelling differences), also Europeanization/Europeanisation or occidentalization/occidentalisation (from the Occident, meaning the Western world; see "occident" in the dictionary), is a process whereby societies come under or adopt Western culture in areas such as industry, technology, law, politics, economics, lifestyle, diet, clothing, language, alphabet, religion, philosophy, and values.

Language shift, sometimes referred to as language transfer or language replacement or assimilation, is the process whereby a speech community of a language shifts to speaking another language.

Hispanicisation or hispanisation, also known as castilianization or castilianisation (Spanish: castellanización) refers to the process by which a place or person becomes influenced by Hispanic culture or a process of cultural and/or linguistic change in which something non-Hispanic becomes Hispanic.

A loanword (also loan word or loan-word) is a word adopted from one language (the donor language) and incorporated into a different, recipient language without translation.

Italianization (Italian: Italianizzazione; Croatian: talijanizacija; Slovene: poitaljančevanje; German: Italianisierung; Greek: Ιταλοποίηση) is the spread of Italian culture, people, or language, either by integration or assimilation.

Arabization or Arabisation (Arabic: تعريب‎‎ taʻrīb) describes either the conquest of a non-Arab area and the migration of Arab settlers into the new domain or a growing Arab influence on non-Arab populations, causing their gradual adoption of the Arabic language and/or their incorporation of Arab culture and Arab identity.

Germanisation (also spelt Germanization) refers to the spread of the German language, people and culture or policies which introduced these changes.

Magyarization (also Magyarisation, Hungarization, Hungarisation, Hungarianization, Hungarianisation) was an assimilation or acculturation process by which non-Hungarian nationals came to adopt the Hungarian (also called "Magyar") culture and language, either voluntarily or due to social pressure, often in the form of a coercive policy.

Jewish assimilation (Hebrew: התבוללות , Hitbolelut) refers to the cultural assimilation and social integration of Jews in their surrounding culture, a continuous process over centuries.

Culture shock is an experience a person may have when one moves to a cultural environment which is different from one's own; it is also the personal disorientation a person may feel when experiencing an unfamiliar way of life due to immigration or a visit to a new country, a move between social environments, or simply transition to another type of life.

The Bengalis (বাঙালি Bangali), also spelled as the Bangalees, are a major Indo-Aryan ethnic group.

Turkification (Turkish: Türkleştirme) is the assimilation of individuals, entities, or cultures into the various historical Turkic states and cultures, such as the Ottoman Empire.

Romanization or Latinization (or Romanisation or Latinisation: see spelling differences)—in the historical and cultural meanings of both terms—indicate different historical processes, such as acculturation, integration and assimilation of newly incorporated and peripheral populations by the Roman Republic and the later Roman Empire.

Bohemisms or Czechisms' are words and expressions borrowed or derived from the Czech language.

The Francization of Brussels (French: Francisation de Bruxelles, Dutch: Verfransing van Brussel) refers to the transformation of Brussels, Belgium, from a majority Dutch-speaking city to one that is bilingual or even multilingual, with French as both the majority language and lingua franca.

Indo-Aryanisation means to change someone's language from a previous language to an Indo-Aryan language.

The sinicization of Tibet is a term used by some critics of Chinese rule in Tibet to refer to the cultural assimilation that have occurred in Tibetan areas of China (including Tibet Autonomous Region and surrounding Tibetan-designated autonomous areas) which have made these areas more closely resemble mainstream Chinese society.

New Australians are non-British migrants to Australia who arrived in the wave of immigration following World War II.

De-Sinicization (simplified Chinese: 去中国化; traditional Chinese: 去中國化; pinyin: qùzhōngguóhuà; Yale: heui jūng gwok fa, de + Sinicization) is the elimination of Chinese influence.

Europeanisation (or Europeanization, see spelling differences) refers to a number of related phenomena and patterns of change: * The process in which a notionally non-European subject (be it a culture, a language, a city or a nation) adopts a number of European features (Westernization).

The concept of demographic threat (or demographic bomb) is a term used in political conversation to refer to population increases from within a minority ethnic group in a given country that are perceived as threatening to alter the ethnic identity of that country.

Kinder der Landstrasse (literally: Children of the Country Road) was a project of the Swiss foundation Pro Juventute that ended in the 1970s.

Latin and Greek were the dominant languages of the Roman Empire, but other languages were important regionally.

The expansion of the Arab Empire in the years following the Prophet Muhammad's death led to the creation of caliphates, occupying a vast geographical area and conversion to Islam was boosted by missionary activities particularly those of Imams, who easily intermingled with local populace to propagate the religious teachings.

Slovakization or Slovakisation is a form of cultural assimilation process during which non-Slovak nationals give up their culture and language in favor of the Slovak one.

(See also: Hellenism (disambiguation)) Hellenization (American English) or Hellenisation (British) is the historical spread of ancient Greek culture and, to a lesser extent, language, over foreign peoples conquered by Greeks or brought into their sphere of influence, particularly during the Hellenistic period following the campaigns of Alexander the Great (king of Macedon, r. 336–323 BCE).

Forced assimilation is a process of forced cultural assimilation of religious or ethnic minority groups, into an established and generally larger community.

In Canada, the Indian (Aboriginal) residential schools were a network of "residential" (boarding) schools for Indigenous Canadians (First Nations or "Indians"; Métis and Inuit).

Finnicization (also finnicisation, fennicization, fennicisation) is the changing of one's personal names from other languages (usually Swedish) into Finnish.