Flashcards: Crusades

The House of Lusignan (/ˈluːzᵻnjɒn/ LOO-zən-yon) was a royal house of French origin, which ruled much of Europe and the Levant, including the kingdoms of Jerusalem, Cyprus, and Armenia, from the 12th through the 15th centuries during the Middle Ages.

The Wendish Crusade (German: Wendenkreuzzug) was a military campaign in 1147, one of the Northern Crusades and a part of the Second Crusade, led primarily by the Kingdom of Germany within the Holy Roman Empire and directed against the Polabian Slavs (or "Wends").

The War of Saint Sabas or San Saba (1256–1270) was a conflict between the Mediterranean maritime republics of the Republic of Genoa (aided by Philip of Montfort, Lord of Tyre, John of Arsuf, and the Knights Hospitaller) and the Republic of Venice (aided by the Count of Jaffa and Ascalon and the Knights Templar).

Deus vult (Classical Latin for "God wills it") was the cry of the people at the declaration of the First Crusade by Pope Urban II at the Council of Clermont in 1095 when the Byzantine Empire requested help in defense from the Seljuk invasion of Anatolia.

The brief Alexandrian Crusade, also called the sack of Alexandria, occurred in October 1365 and was led by Peter I of Cyprus against Alexandria in Egypt.

Albert of Aix(-la-Chapelle) or Albert of Aachen (floruit circa AD 1100), historian of the First Crusade, was born during the later part of the 11th century, and afterwards became canon (priest) and custos (guardian) of the church of Aachen.

Adam served as the Papal missionary in Persia from 1314 to 1317, one of six Dominicans sent by Pope John XXII to Persia.

The Nimrod Fortress or Nimrod Castle (original Arabic name:Qal'at al-Subeiba, "Castle of the Large Cliff", later Qal'at Namrud, "Nimrod's Castle"; Hebrew: מבצר נמרוד‎‎, Mivtzar Nimrod, "Nimrod's Fortress") is a medieval Muslim castle situated on the southern slopes of Mount Hermon, on a ridge rising about 800 m (2600 feet) above sea level.

The Frankokratia (Greek: Φραγκοκρατία, Frankokratía, lit. Anglicized as "Francocracy", "rule of the Franks"), also known as Latinokratia (Greek: Λατινοκρατία, Latinokratía, "rule of the Latins") and, for the Venetian domains, Venetocracy (Greek: Βενετοκρατία, Venetokratía or Ενετοκρατία, Enetokratia), refers to the period in Greek history after the Fourth Crusade (1204), when a number of primarily French and Italian Crusader states were established on the territory of the dissolved Byzantine Empire (see Partitio terrarum imperii Romaniae).

Antioch on the Orontes (/ˈæntiˌɒk/; also Syrian Antioch) was an ancient Greco-Roman city on the eastern side of the Orontes River.

The Lordship of Oultrejordain or Oultrejourdain (Old French for "beyond the Jordan", also called Lordship of Montreal) was the name used during the Crusades for an extensive and partly undefined region to the east of the Jordan River, an area known in ancient times as Edom and Moab.

Several attempts at a Franco-Mongol alliance against the Islamic caliphates, their common enemy, were made by various leaders among the Frankish Crusaders and the Mongol Empire in the 13th century.

Danishmend (Turkish: Danişmentliler) dynasty or Danishmendid was a Turkish dynasty that ruled in north-central and eastern Anatolia in the 11th and 12th centuries.

The Norwegian Crusade was a crusade that lasted from 1107 to 1110, in the aftermath of the First Crusade, led by Norwegian king Sigurd I.

Pope Urban II (Latin: Urbanus II; c. 1042 – 29 July 1099), born Odo of Châtillon or Otho de Lagery, was Pope from 12 March 1088 to his death in 1099.

Alice of Jerusalem (also Haalis, Halis, or Adelicia) was a Princess of Jerusalem.

The Holy Lance, also known as the Holy Spear, the Spear of Destiny or the Lance of Longinus, is the lance that pierced the side of Jesus as he hung on the cross, according to the Gospel of John.

The Fourth Crusade (1202–04) was a Western European armed expedition called by Pope Innocent III, originally intended to conquer Muslim-controlled Jerusalem by means of an invasion through Egypt.

Shaizar (Arabic: شيزر‎‎; also called Saijar or Larissa in Syria) is a town in northern Syria, administratively part of the Hama Governorate, located northwest of Hama.

The Smyrniote crusades (1343–1351) were two Crusades sent by Pope Clement VI against the Emirate of Aydin under Umur Beg which had as their principal target the coastal city of Smyrna in Asia Minor.

Montlhéry (French: [mɔ̃.le.ʁi]) is a commune in the Essonne department in Île-de-France in northern France.

Enfeh(Arabic: انفه), or Enfe, Anfeh, Anfe, is an Eastern Orthodox Christian village in the Koura district of the North Governorate of Lebanon at Latitude 34°21'0"N and Longitude 35°44'0"E.

Mongol Armenia or Ilkhanid Armenia refers to the period in which both Armenia (during its union with the Kingdom of Georgia) and the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia became tributary and vassal to the Mongol Empire (the later Ilkhanate) in the 1230s.

Despenser's Crusade (or the Bishop of Norwich's Crusade, sometimes just Norwich Crusade) of 1383 was a military expedition led by Henry le Despenser that aimed to assist the city of Ghent in its struggle against the supporters of Antipope Clement VII.