Flashcards: cprt chemcial

is a toxic chemical substance or a mixture of substances or biological agents intentionally released into the environment to control and destroy pests

Chemical pesticide

biological agent or microbial agents (biopesticide

agent/compounds or disinfectants used to disinfect seeds and postharvest products

from chrysanthemum

from tobacco

from Derris

pyrethroids, nicotinoids, and rotenoids

derived from natural materials such as animals, plants, and microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, and nematodes). more host-specific, less toxic to non-target organisms, and environmentally friendly than chemical pesticides

could be the microorganism itself or a toxin, or any product from microorganisms

Bacillus thuringiensis commerical brands

Organic pesticides derived from plants (pyrethrins, rotenone, nicotine, sabadilla, ryania

refined 6 esters obtained from pyrethrum extracted from chrysanthemum

pyrethrum came from what plant genus

synthetic compounds produced to mimic the effects of the pyrethrin ester

Caused convulsions and death of insects

a contact poison that affect the nerves causing deat

effective against thrips, leafhoppers, whiteflies, cutworms

sabadilla came from what plant

contact and stomach poison

It affects the nerves causing death of caterpillars, leafhoppers, thrips, stink bugs, and squash bugs attacking vegetables

Azadiractin obtained from what plant

seeds of Azadiracta indica have the highest concentration of what

Ryania obtained from the roots and stems of

This alkaloid is useful as a contact or stomach poison and directly prevents muscles from contracting, causing paralysis

The majority of the insecticidal plants are

natural materials with nontoxic mechanisms to control pests.

example of biochemical pesticide

extremely hazardous

LD50

red color label

yellow color label

blue color label

green color label

are either plant-based or from mineral oils, chemical composition

are also either inorganic or organic in origin, but most are of organic origin.

synthetic insecticide

chlorinated hydrocarbons.

two organochlorines that were banned in advanced countries like the US because of persistence or long-term residual effect in the environment

DDT

BHC

are derivatives of phosphoric acid, These pesticides are biodegradable, causing minimum environmental pollution but are potentially toxic to various non- target species affecting the nervous impulses leading to paralysis and death

a stomach poison, • contact poison, • fumigant poison leading to nerve poisons

examples of Organophosphates

Similar to organophosphates but are derived from carbamic acid

Carbamates example

Synthesized by duplicating the structure of natural pyrethrins. Relatively more stable with more prolonged residual effects. • are highly toxic to insects and fish but slightly toxic to mammals and birds.

broken easily on exposure to light and considered the safest insecticides for use

examples of SP

heavy mineral oils and inert dust

Arsenicals

HG and acids

hydrogen cyanide, rotenone, dinitrophenols

organophosphates such as malathion

diflubenzuron

Bt formulation

kill a wide range of pests and other non-target organisms.

Broad-spectrum insecticide is

Broad-spectrum herbicide is

kill only a specific or group of pests leaving other organisms unaffected or with little effect

aphids as a target

affects broad leaves and not the grassy