Economical
The prime requisite when managing plant diseases is that it must be
Protection
shield suscept with chemical or physical barrier
disease development; maintain tolerable disease incidence and minimize yield loss.
purposes of managing plant disease
Immunization
change suscept’s reaction to disease.
Exclusion
kept pathogen out
Eradication
destroy or eliminate the pathogen.
Avoidance/Exclusion
• To prevent the import and spread of plant pathogens into areas from which they are absent. • The avoidance of the pathogen aims to enable the host to avoid contact or • To ensure that the susceptible host and favorable environmental conditions for the pathogen do not coincide
Quarantine and Inspection, Inspection and Seed Certification, Use of Pathogen-free propagating material
ways of avoidance and Explusion
Quarantine and Inspection
• Regulations controlling the import and export of plants to prevent the spread of disease and pests. • Each state is responsible for enforcing quarantine regulations to prevent the spread of pest and disease within the state.
Phytosanitary Permit
This document certifies that the plants are free from harmful pests and diseases. It's like a passport for your plant, ensuring that it can safely enter the country without posing a threat to local agriculture
National Plant Protection Organization
This is the government agency responsible for plant health in the country of origin.
Use of disease free propagating planting material
• Grow the plant in an area or environment that is unsuitable for the growth of the pathogen • Use disease-free seeds. • Growing the crop in an area free of isolation from the pathogen
Eradication
This principle aims to reduce or eliminate the amount of pathogen after it is introduced into an area but before it has become well-established or widely spread.
Individual plants , Seed lots, Fields or regions
eradication can be applied to
Destroying weeds that are reservoirs of various pathogens or insect vectors of disease, Biological control of plant pathogen , Crop rotation, Soil treatment, Heat and Chemical treatment
ways to eradicate
Crop rotation
The practice of growing a series of dissimilar types of crops in the same area in sequential seasons
Protection
Preventing infection by creating a chemical toxic barrier between the plant surface and pathogens. Protect the plant directly from any infections that are likely to arrive.
Immunization/Resistant
The most important and effective principles of achieving successful management of plant disease. Preventing infection or reducing the effect of infection by managing the host through improvement of resistance in it by genetic manipulation.
Selection and hybridization of disease-resistant, Mutation of disease resistance
ways to immnunize
Chemical Treatment , Chemical control of insect vector , Modification of the environment, Modification of the host nutrition
ways to protect