Flashcards: Concepts in ethics

Ethos (/ˈiːθɒs/ or US /ˈiːθoʊs/) is a Greek word meaning "character" that is used to describe the guiding beliefs or ideals that characterise a community, nation, or ideology.

In a social context, trust has several connotations.

Li (simplified Chinese: 礼; traditional Chinese: 禮; pinyin: lǐ) is a classical Chinese word which is commonly used in Chinese philosophy, particularly within Confucianism.

Worry refers to the thoughts, images and emotions of a negative nature in a repetitive - uncontrollable manner that results from a proactive cognitive risk analysis made to avoid or solve anticipated potential threats and their potential consequences.

Empathy is the capacity to understand or feel what another person is experiencing from within the other being's frame of reference, i.

Forgiveness is the intentional and voluntary process by which a victim undergoes a change in feelings and attitude regarding an offense, lets go of negative emotions such as vengefulness, with an increased ability to wish the offender well.

The Golden Rule or law of reciprocity is the principle of treating others as one would wish to be treated oneself.

Conscience is an aptitude, faculty, intuition or judgment that assists in distinguishing right from wrong.

Objectivity is a central philosophical concept, related to reality and truth, which has been variously defined by sources.

Chastity is sexual behavior of a man or woman that is acceptable to the moral standards and guidelines of their culture, civilization or religion.

Abstinence is a self-enforced restraint from indulging in bodily activities that are widely experienced as giving pleasure.

A principle is a law or rule that has to be, or usually is to be followed, or can be desirably followed, or is an inevitable consequence of something, such as the laws observed in nature or the way that a system is constructed.

Arete (Greek: ἀρετή), in its basic sense, means "excellence of any kind".

Moral, ethical, legal, and political discussions use the concept of dignity to express the idea that a being has an innate right to be valued, respected, and to receive ethical treatment.

In religion, ethics, philosophy and psychology "good and evil" is a very common dichotomy.

Righteousness (also called rectitude) is a theological concept in Christianity, Judaism, and Islam.

Vice is a practice, behaviour, or habit generally considered immoral, sinful, criminal, rude, taboo, depraved, or degrading in the associated society.

Destiny or fate is a predetermined course of events.

Corporate social responsibility (CSR, also called corporate conscience, corporate citizenship or responsible business) is a form of corporate self-regulation integrated into a business model.

Ren (Chinese: 仁; pinyin: rén; Wade–Giles: jen) is the Confucian virtue denoting the good feeling a virtuous human experiences when being altruistic.

The Will, generally, is that faculty of the mind which selects, at the moment of decision, the strongest desire from among the various desires present.

The meaning of life, or the answer to the question "What is the meaning of life?", pertains to the significance of living or existence in general.

Respect is a feeling of admiration or deference toward a person, child, non-human animal, group, ideal, or indeed almost any entity or concept, as well as specific actions and conduct representative of that esteem.

Duty (from "due" meaning "that which is owing"; Old French: deu, did, past participle of devoir; Latin: debere, debitum, whence "debt") is a term that conveys a sense of moral commitment or obligation to someone or something.

In the social sciences, unintended consequences (sometimes unanticipated consequences or unforeseen consequences) are outcomes that are not the ones foreseen and intended by a purposeful action.

(For other uses, see Liberty (disambiguation).) Liberty, in philosophy, involves free will as contrasted with determinism.

An obscenity is any utterance or act that strongly offends the prevalent morality of the time.

Common sense is a basic ability to perceive, understand, and judge things that is shared by ("common to") nearly all people and can reasonably be expected of nearly all people without need for debate.

Akrasia (/əˈkreɪzɪə/; Greek ἀκρασία, "lacking command"), occasionally transliterated as acrasia or Anglicised as acrasy or acracy, is described as a lack of self-control or the state of acting against one's better judgement.

A person is a being, such as a human, that has certain capacities or attributes constituting personhood, which in turn is defined differently by different authors in different disciplines, and by different cultures in different times and places.

The face-to-face relation (French: rapport de face à face) is a concept in the French philosopher Emmanuel Lévinas' thought on human sociality.

Consent can be either expressed or implied.

Distrust is a formal way of not trusting any one party too much in a situation of grave risk or deep doubt.

Temperance is defined as moderation or voluntary self-restraint.

Mimpathy (German: Nachfühlen, literally "after experience") is a philosophical concept related to empathy and sympathy.

In philosophy, moral responsibility is the status of morally deserving praise, blame, reward, or punishment for an act or omission, in accordance with one's moral obligations.