Colligative properties
properties directly proportional to the solute concentration in the solvent (water)
Ideal solution
no change in physical properties other than dilution
Real solutions
change in physical properties occur
290-310 mOsmol
What is the body osmolarity?
Hyper-osmolar
results in crenation (shrinkage of cells)
Hypo-osmolar
results in hemolysis of the cell (swelling)
Iso-osmolar
no gain or loss of water by the cells
Hypertonic solution
a solution that has a higher solute concentration than another solution. Water particles will move out of the cell, causing crenation.
Isotonic solution
a solution that has the same solute concentration as another solution. There is no net movement of water particles, and the overall concentration on both of sides of the cell membrane remains constant.
Hypotonic solution
a solution that has a lower solute concentration than another solution. Water particles will move into the cell, causing the cell to expand and eventually lyse.
biologic compatibility and equal osmotic pressure
isotonic =
only equal osmotic pressure
isoosmotic=
Freezing point depression
colligative property observed in solutions that results from the introduction of solute molecules to a solvent. The freezing points of solutions are all lower than that of the pure solvent and is directly proportional to the molality of the solute.
Boiling point elevation
describes the phenomenon that the boiling point of a liquid (a solvent) will be higher when another compound is added, meaning that a solution has a higher boiling point than a pure solvent. This happens whenever a non-volatile solute, such as a salt, is added to a pure solvent, such as water.