hydrogen and sodium hydroxide
water reacts with metallic sodium to form what
hydroxide and sodium alkoxides
alcohols react with metallic sodiumto form
hydrogen and sodium phenoxide
Phenols react with metallic sodium to yield
n-butyl alcohol
fastest to react from the Na Metal
sec-butyl alcohol
moderate reaction or evolution from the Na Metal
as the alcohol becomes bulkier in terms of molecular structure the more obscure it is for the alcohol to react
why did the alcohol has lesser to none evolution during the Reaction with NA metal
Lucas test, hydrogen chloride
______ test for distinguishing between primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols (the class of an alcohol is the same as of its alkyl group) is based on the relative rates of reaction of the different classes with ______
Lucas reagent
is a solution of zinc chloride in concentrated hydrochloric acid
tert-butyl alcohol
froms two layers at a fast rate during Lucas test
sec-butyl alcohol
forms two layers at a slower rate during the Lucas test
n-butyl alcohol
forms no layers during the Lucas test
this is due to the carbocation of the alcohols, p-alcohols has highly unstable carbocation causing no layers
why is there a difference in the formation of layers during the lucas test
ketones
Secondary alcohols give what as oxidation products.
aldehydes
primary alcohols give first what as products.
carboxylic acid
primary alcohols give finally what as products.
Tertiary alcohol
are inert toward most mild oxidizing agents.
Haloform reactions
often is performed as a diagnostic test on an unknown compound suspected of having the above structure arrangements.
alkaline solution of the halogens to form haloforms
aldehyde or ketones which have the structure CH3-C - R ( R = H, alkyl, or aryl) react with an
Iodoform
on the other hand, is a yellow solid (mp: 119- 120°) with a sharp, easily recognizable odor.
dioxane
. For alcohols having very low water solubility it may be necessary to dissolve the sample (10 drops or 0.1g ) in
blue-green solution
color of n-butyl in potassium dichromate
blue-green solution
color of sec-butyl in potassium dichromate
yellow solution
color of tert-butyl in potassium dichromate
the alcohol was not able to oxidize, the two alcohols were able to reduce the Cr2o72 to cr3+ during oxidation and they were able to lose H atoms in their hydroxyl groups
why did the ter-butyl not form or change in color during the reaction with potassium dichromate
formed a yellow precipitate
iodoform reaction of acetone
formed a yellow precipitate
iodoform reaction of isopropyl
formed a yellow precipitate
iodoform reaction of ehyl alcohol
the presence of an attached methyl group enabled the alcohol to oxidize the acetone to form methyl ketone
why was isopropyl alcohol able to produce iodoform
methyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol
substances the had no reaction in the iodoform test
the methyl groups in the substances did not have a hydroxyl group attached
why was there no reaction in the Iodoform test
Ferric chloride
Phenols and enols often react with ______ ___ to produce characteristic colors
blackish-brown
phenol reaction in ferric test
purple
naphthol reaction in ferric test
brownish
cathecol reaction in ferric test
brownish green
resorcinol reaction in ferric test
due to the position of the OH groups , altering how they coordinate with Fe ions
why do the colors vary
aromatic ring
phenols are acidic than alcohol because of what??