How much memory does a computer with a gigabyte (GB) capacity hold?
1,000 megabytes
What is the name of the device that has right and left buttons and a roller, and may be a wired or wireless part of a
computer used to point and click to items on the monitor?
mouse
What term is used to describe the transferring of files and documents to a compact disc (CD)?
burning
The clarity of a computer monitor screen image is its:
resolution
What is the term for the small graphic symbols displayed on a monitor screen that represent computer files or programs
that a user “clicks” on to open?
icon
What is the term for the process of starting up when a computer is initially turned on?
booting
What is the name of the visual indicator represented by an arrow, blinking line, or hand that appears when the mouse is
used to point to something on the screen?
cursor
Which of the following is an Internet address within a document or e-mail that is bolded or underlined and will open a
Web page when it is clicked on?
hyperlink
What term for legal right of an author or photographer over the reproduction of original work?
copyright
The original instrument developed in the 1920s that used heat on wounds to accelerate blood clotting was the
precursor of which piece of standard OR equipment?
electrosurgical unit (ESU)
Electricity is dependent upon the free flow of which subatomic particles?
electrons
What term describes an item that enhances or allows for the flow of alternating or direct electrical current?
conductor
The opposite charged ends of a magnet are its:
poles
Which of the following terms related to electricity defines electrical potential (electrical charge)?
volts
Specialized equipment in the OR, such as portable x-ray units or laser generators, may require which type of wall
outlet that can handle the increased load necessary to power the equipment?
220 V
The electromagnetic waves that create radio and television signals are measured in wave cycles per second termed:
frequency
What is the term for a single alternating current cycle?
hertz
What is the term for the object in an electrical circuit (e.g., surgical light or ESU) that receives and can modify the
amount of power from the source?
load
All of the following are components of a three-prong electrical plug EXCEPT:
current convertor
Which of the following modes or settings of the electrosurgical unit (ESU) would NOT require use of a patient return
electrode (ground pad)?
bipolar
Resonant frequency capacitive coupling and dielectric breakdown are examples of:
electrosurgery burns to personnel
Which type of gas is used to enhance the effectiveness of the electrosurgical unit active electrode pencil?
argon
What is the property of the gel portion of the patient return electrode (ground pad) that completes the ESU circuit?
conductivity
Which of the following is NOT a type of ESU tip?
trocar
Which of the following is a safety mechanism engineered into the ESU that alerts the surgical team that the device is
being activated?
audible tone
To prevent inadvertent activation of the ESU resulting in possible ignition of draping materials, the pencil should be
placed in which of the following when NOT in use?
rigid holster
What is the term for the precision of a laser beam and is based on the area exposed, the time activated, and the power
setting?
fluence
All of the following are examples of tissue interaction with laser light energy EXCEPT:
contraction
Ebonized or other specially coated instruments should be used when which surgical device is being used in a narrow
space?
CO2 laser hand piece
In a laser generator, what is found at both ends that allows for the amplification and stimulated emission of laser light?
mirror reflectors
Solids, gases, liquids, and semiconductor crystals are types of:
surgical laser media
Laser wavelengths determine the color and invisibility of the beam and are categorized from their place along the:
electromagnetic spectrum
Which of the following would MOST likely be the cause of a patient burn from alternate exit pathway of ESU
current?
placement site of electrocardiogram (ECG) leads
When using a bayonet bipolar forceps:
one side of the forceps collects and returns the current to the generator
All of the following represent a complete AC electrical circuit EXCEPT:
C battery → C battery → wire → flashlight bulb
Which of the following lasers falls into the invisible part of the electromagnetic spectrum, is absorbed by cellular
fluid, and is not dependent on tissue color?
CO2
Which generation of robots does NOT have any degree of artificial intelligence (AI) and requires consistent oversight?
first
Which of the following terms is defined as the number of ways that a robotic manipulator can move?
degrees of freedom
Which of the following terms is defined as the extent to which a machine, microscope, human, or robot can
differentiate between two objects?
resolution
During routine robotic surgery procedures, where is the surgeon?
sitting at the robotic console separate from the OR table
Which term describes the right and left (side-to-side) movements of a robotic manipulator that has 3-D capability?
yaw
What is the name of the complex robotic operating system created and marketed by Intuitive Surgical®?
da Vinci
The patient return electrode for a patient undergoing a laparoscopic cholecystectomy would MOST likely be placed:
on the anterior thigh
What is the name of the inert gas beam used with invisible light lasers to provide visual aiming to target tissue?
helium-neon
Which of the following laser beams cannot transmit through clear fluid or glass?
CO2
What is the term for the developing technology of performing a surgical procedure in real time but from a distant
location?
telesurgery
Which type of laser has a wavelength that creates a bright blue-green visible light within a plasma tube?
argon
Which type of laser uses gases that are toxic and potentially fatal, and therefore rarely used in the OR setting?
excimer
Which laser unit has articulated joints with mirrors at the bend points and requires that care must be taken not to
disrupt the alignment of those mirrors during transport, because that could result in an unpredictable beam trajectory?
CO2
Robotic manipulators are not sterilized, but are covered with disposable drapes for surgical procedures.
True
Cartesian coordinate geometry uses the system of graphing mathematical functions and moves the robotic
manipulators along the x, y, and z axes.
True
A patient return electrode (ground pad) may be repositioned to another site if the gel is still “sticky.”
False
The bipolar mode of the ESU can be used only to cut tissue.
False
The acronym laser stands for light application by special electromagnetic radiation.
False
Current that requires a wall outlet and reverses direction periodically
Alternating
Source of direct current with opposite positive and negative terminals
Battery
The round, third prong of a three-prong plug, which captures excess leakage current to prevent shocks
Ground
The rate at which work is done; measured in watts
Power
The component of electricity that causes a conductor to glow or heat up
Resistance
The subatomic particles that orbit in shells around a nucleus and are responsible for creating electrical current
Electrons
Anything that has mass and occupies space
Matter
Materials such as plastic, glass, wood, rubber that inhibit the flow of electrons
Insulator
Gigantic international network of millions of computer servers that in turn serve thousands of individual computers
each
Internet
Style of letters chosen in a word-processing program to create a document
Font
Programs that operate a computer system; includes Internet access and word processing
Software
Accessory device that converts printed text or graphics into digital format
Scanner
Sends computer information over phone or cable lines or satellite systems
Modern
Components of a computer: CPU, monitor, and memory storage
Hardware
Attachment points for computer components: keyboard, speakers, printer