"Polarity" in regards to tissues refers to
two different surfaces
the apical surface is _______________
exposed to exterior or hollow cavity of an organ
the basal surface is ___________
attached to underlying tissue
what are specialized contacts?
membrane junctions that maintain polarity
epithelium tissue is ___________but _____________
avascular
innervated
what is a gland?
one or more cells that make and export a secretion
define exocrine glands
gland that releases the product outside the body or into open body cavity
has a duct
define endocrine gland
releases hormones into blood or lymphatic fluid
ductless
what are the four functions of connective tissue
binding
protection
insulation
transportation
Why are Connective Tissue Proper, Cartilage, Bone & Blood all considered part of the same tissue type?
they all originate from the same embryonic mesenchyme
what are membranes?
continuous multicellular sheets that contain more than 1 tissue type
an open body cavity is
a body cavity with access to the outside environment
a closed body cavity is
a body cavity that is not open to the outside environment
describe the structure of a cutaneous membrane.
why is it a dry membrane?
keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
dense irregular connective tissue
exposed to air
describe the structure of a mucous membranes?
what do they line?
what are they adapted for?
epithelium
loose connective tissue
smooth muscle sometimes present
line body cavities open to exterior
absorption and secretion
describe the structure of a serous membrane
what do they line?
simple squamous epithelium
loose areolar connective tissue
moist membranes lining closed ventral body cavities
"Regeneration" of tissues refers to what?
replacement of damaged tissue with same tissue type
"Fibrosis" of tissues refers to what?
damaged tissue replaced with fibrous CT called scar tissue
what is the first step of tissue repair?
describe the process in 3 steps...
inflammation
fluid and cells enter the injured area
clot forms
exposed clot forms a scab
what is the second step of tissue repair?
describe the process in 2 steps
organization
restores blood supply
granulation tissue forms
what is the third step of tissue repair?
regeneration or fibrosis
these 5 tissues have very good regenerative capacity, list them
dense irregular connective tissue
epithelial tissue
blood-forming tissue
bone tissue
areolar connective tissue
these 2 tissues have moderate regenerative capacity, list them
smooth muscle tissue
dense regular connective tissue
these 2 tissues have weak regenerative capacity, list them
skeletal muscle tissue
cartilage tissue
these 2 tissues have virtually no regenerative capacity and are routinely replaced by scar tissue, name them
cardiac tissue
nervous tissue
list a function of simple squamous epithelium
list one location where you would find it
diffusion and filtration
air sacs of lungs
list a function of simple cuboidal epithelium
list one location where you would find it
secretion and absorption
kidney tubules
list a function of simple columnar epithelium
list one location where you would find it
secretion and absorption
non-ciliated in the digestive tract
ciliated in small bronchi
list a function of pseudostratified columnar epithelium
list one location where you would find it
secretion
ciliated in trachea
non-ciliated in sperm ducts
list a function of stratified squamous epithelium
list one location where you would find it
protects underlying tissue subject to abrasion
non keratinized lines esophagus
keratinized forms epidermis of skin
list a function of transitional epithelium
list one location where you would find it
stretches readily
lines ureters
list a function of connective tissue proper loose areolar
list one location where you would find it
wraps and cushions organs
under epithelia of body
list a function of connective tissue proper loose adipose
list one location where you would find it
provides reserve food fuel
hypodermis
list a function of connective tissue proper loose reticular
list one location where you would find it
forms a stroma that supports other cell types
spleen
list a function of connective tissue proper dense regular
list one location where you would find it
withstands tensile strength when pulling force is applied in one direction
tendons and most ligaments
list a function of connective tissue proper dense irregular
list one location where you would find it
withstands tensile strength when pulling force is applied in multiple directions
fibrous joint capsules
list a function of connective tissue proper dense elastic
list one location where you would find it
allows tissue to recoil after stretching
wall of large arteries
list a function of connective tissue cartilage hyaline
list two locations where you would find it
supports and reinforces
trachea and larynx
list a function of connective tissue cartilage elastic
list two locations where you would find it
maintains shape of structure while allowing for great flexibility
pinna and epiglottis
list a function of connective tissue of cartilage fibrocartilage
absorbs compressive shock
intervertebral discs