Flashcards: Ch 5 Eukaryotic cell and microorganism

•more appendages for motility.

•Flagella are similar to those in prokaryotic cells, but whip back and forth to provide motility rather than spinning. 

•Cilia are much shorter than flagella but have similar structure.  Far greater in number

Like prokaryotes, eukaryotes have slime layers and capsules

•Protection

•Communication

•Adherence

•Some eukaryotes (fungi, algae, plants) have cell walls, but there is tremendous variability

•Animal cells, many protists, lack cell walls

•Cell membranes are like prokaryotic cell membranes in structure and function

•Eukaryotic membranes typically contains sterols to increase the strength of the membrane (especially in the absence of cell walls)

•DNA in nucleus is transcribed to RNA, which moves to cytoplasm through nuclear pores

•Prokaryotic ribosomes consist of 30S and 50 subunits, which together equal 70S

•Eukaryotic ribosomes consist of 40S and 60S subunits, which together equal 80S

phosphid and protein

•Receives proteins from ER

•Modifies proteins by adding sugars

Nucleus-> ER->Golgi body->Cell membrane

•During phagocytosis, food is engulfed into a food vacuole

•contain digestive enzymes

• fuse with the food vacuole to produce a digestive vacuole (or phagolysosome)

•How you each lunch if you’re an amoeba

•White blood cells in the body phagocytize bacteria and other pathogens

•The powerhouse of the cell

•Converts unusable energy stored in various organic molecules (sugars, fats, proteins) to usable ATP

•Mitochondria were once free-living organisms

•own DNA

•own (70S) ribosomes

•Roughly the size and shape of a prokaryotic cell

•Converts energy from sunlight into sugars

•Found in algae (and plants)

•Chloroplasts were also once free-living organisms

•Have their own DNA

•Have their own (70S) ribosomes

•Roughly the size and shape of a prokaryotic cell

•Anchors organelles in place within the cytoplasm

•Allows for movement of some cell types

Yeasts (non-filamentous) and Molds (filamentous)both-mycelium

budding

septate- septum with pores

spores

sporangia on reproductive hyphae

•Zygomycota (zygospores)

•Ascomycota (ascospores)

•Basidiomycota (basidiospores)

•Chytridiomycota (motile spores)