congenital defects, disruption in blood flow, decline in function, atrophy, receptor defects
What are causes of Hypofunction-Endocrine disorders? (5)
excessive stimulation, hyperplasia, hormone-producing tumor
What are causes of Hyperfunction-Endocrine disorders? (3)
primary disorders
-originate in the target gland responsible for producing the hormone
stimulating hormones; releasing factors
Secondary disorders involve a functional target gland with defective levels of _______ & ________.
hypothalmic dysfunction; pituitary & target gland understimulation
Tertiary disorders arise from _______ & _________
receptor-associated disorders, intracellular disorders
Target-cell disorder is caused by? (2)
intracelluar disorders
-characterized by inadequate synthesis of second messengers, decreased number of intracellular receptors, altered affinity for hormones, new mRNA, absence of substrates for new protein synthesis.
an absence of GnRH
Deficiency of hypothalamic hormones in adult women & men are both characterized by _________.
Hypothalamic hypothyroidism
-absence of TRH
absence of GH regulatory hormones
Low levels of growth hormone results in what?
the absence of CRH
The failure of ACTH to respond to low serum cortisol levels is because
b
Metastatic lesions are ______.
a) primary tumors
b) secondary tumors
c) functional tumors
d) nonfunctional tumors
c
Tumors that secrete pituitary hormones.
a) primary tumors
b) secondary tumors
c) functional tumors
d) nonfunctional tumors
d
Tumors that do not secrete hormones at all.
a) primary tumors
b) secondary tumors
c) functional tumors
d) nonfunctional tumors
SIADH
- a disorder that is characterized by high levels of ADH in the absence normal physiologic stimuli for its release.
decreased aldosterone production, hyponatremia, suppression of renin, hypo-osmolality
Elevated levels of ADH can result in?
decrease from 140-130 mmol
Rapid decrease of serum Na+ falls under what range?
below 110-115 mmol
Slow decrease of serum Na+ falls under what range?
diabetes insipidus
-insufficiency of ADH leading to polyuria and polydipsia
a
Which type of Diabetes insipidus results in a decreased amount of ADH production?
a) neurogenic
b) nephrogenic
c) psychogenic
b
Which type of diabetes insipidus results in an inadequate response to ADH?
a) neurogenic
b) nephrogenic
c) psychogenic
c
Which type of diabetes insipidus results from extremely large volumes of fluid intake that leads to inhibition of ADH?
a) neurogenic
b) nephrogenic
c) psychogenic
plasma osmolality; urine specific gravity
Diabetes insipidus leads to an increase in ________ and a decrease in _______.