increases: heart rate, blood pressure, blood sugar; breaks down fat
What are the functions of Norepinephrine? (4)
phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan
What are the Monoamine hormones? (3)
polypeptides, proteins, glycoproteins
What are the Peptide hormones? (3)
lipid hormones
-that contain lipids synthesized from cholesterol and eicosanoids that contain lipids synthesized from the fatty acid chains of phospholipids found in the plasma membrane
protein; polypeptide
______ and ______ are synthesized and stored in vesicles of the cytoplasm until secretion is required.
steroid hormones
-are secreted upon synthesis.
negative
Hormone levels are primarily controlled through ______ feedback, in which rising levels of a hormone inhibits its further release.
humoral
_______ stimuli refers to control of hormonal release in response to changes in ECF & ion levels.
c
A rise in blood glucose levels triggers release of insulin from the pancreas is an example of what type of stimuli?
a) neural
b) hormonal
c) humoral
hormonal stimuli
-refers to the release of hormones in response to hormones released by other endocrine glands
b
Inhibiting hormone release from the hypothalamus is an example of what type of stimuli?
a) neural
b) hormonal
c) humoral
neural stimuli
- refers to the release of hormones in response to neural stimulation.
a
Stress-induced cortisone release is an example of what type of stimuli?
a) neural
b) hormonal
c) humoral
a,c
Which hormones circulate unbound in the blood?
a) peptide
b) steroid
c) protein
d) thyroid
b,d
Which hormones are attached to specific carrier proteins?
a) peptide
b) steroid
c) protein
d) thyroid
hormone levels in blood, number of hormone receptors on cell, hormone-receptor affinity
Target cell activation is dependent on three factors, those are?
hormone half life
-described as the time it takes for the blood plasma concentration of a hormone to halve (plasma half-life) its steady-state.
growth hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone
Which hormone(s) are affected by the sleep-wake cycle?
female sex hormones
Which hormone(s) are secreted in a complicated cyclic manner?
thyrotrophs
-produce thyrotropin, also called thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
corticotrophs
-produce corticotrophin, also called adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
lutenizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone
What are our gonadotropins?
somatotrophs
-produce growth hormone
lactotrophs
-produce prolactin
a
Which gland is referred to as the "master gland" that regulates all other endocrine glands and releases growth hormone?
a) pituitary
b) thyroid
c) parathyroid
d) hypothalamus
e) adrenal
f) pancreas
g) ovaries
h) testes
i) thymus
b
Which gland is responsible for regulating metabolism, body heat, and bone growth?
a) pituitary
b) thyroid
c) parathyroid
d) hypothalamus
e) adrenal
f) pancreas
g) ovaries
h) testes
i) thymus
c
Which gland is responsible for the regulation of calcium and phosphorus use?
a) pituitary
b) thyroid
c) parathyroid
d) hypothalamus
e) adrenal
f) pancreas
g) ovaries
h) testes
i) thymus
d
Which gland links the nervous system to the endocrine system?
a) pituitary
b) thyroid
c) parathyroid
d) hypothalamus
e) adrenal
f) pancreas
g) ovaries
h) testes
i) thymus
e
Which gland is responsible for responding to emergency or stressful situations?
a) pituitary
b) thyroid
c) parathyroid
d) hypothalamus
e) adrenal
f) pancreas
g) ovaries
h) testes
i) thymus
f
Which gland regulates blood sugar?
a) pituitary
b) thyroid
c) parathyroid
d) hypothalamus
e) adrenal
f) pancreas
g) ovaries
h) testes
i) thymus
i
Which gland is part of the immune system?
a) pituitary
b) thyroid
c) parathyroid
d) hypothalamus
e) adrenal
f) pancreas
g) ovaries
h) testes
i) thymus
imbalance detected, control center stimulated, control center responds, message sent to target organs, target organ responds, oppose or maintain imbalance, balance restored
What is the Sequence of Events in Negative Feedback Mechanism? (7)
liver; kidneys
The _____ & ______ are responsible for breaking down hormones.
high
Hormones interact with ______ affinity receptors.
second messenger systems
Receptors on the surface of cells act through _________
intracellular receptors
-modulate the synthesis of enzymes, transport proteins, or structural proteins.
a, d, epinephrine
Which hormones stimulate cAMP second-messenger system?
a) glucagon
b) insulin
c) growth hormone
d) calcitonin
e) epinephrine/norepinephrine
f) angiotensin II
g) atrial naturetic hormone
h) nitric oxide
insulin, growth hormone
Which hormones stimulate Protein-kinase activity? (2)
epinephrine/norepinephrine, angiotensin II
Which hormones stimulate calcium & phosphoinositides?(2)
atrial naturetic hormone, nitric oxide
Which hormones stimulate cGMP? (2)
fsh, lh, secretin, parathyroid hormone, tsh, acth
Which hormones stimulate cAMP?(6)